淖毛湖褐煤分级萃取可溶有机质的组成结构特征及萃余残渣的热转化性能

Composition and structure characteristics of soluble organic matter from Naomaohu lignite by sequential extraction and thermal conversion performance of the corresponding residue

采用二硫化碳、甲醇、丙酮和二硫化碳/丙酮(等体积混合溶剂)对淖毛湖褐煤(NL)进行逐级超声萃取,得到各级萃取物(E1−E4)和最终萃余物(ER)。采用GC-MS对各级萃取物E1−E4中的化合物组成和结构进行分析,发现E1中主要为烷烃、芳烃、醇类化合物和酯类化合物;E2中以烷烃、醇类化合物和酯类化合物为主。醇类化合物、酚类化合物以及酯类化合物是E3中的主要物质,且酯类化合物主要为邻苯二甲酸二酯类化合物。受到CS_(2)和丙酮这两种溶剂协同作用的影响,E4中的烯烃类化合物的相对含量也比较高。采用FT-IR对NL、E1−E4和ER中所含官能团进行表征分析,结果发现,超声萃取过程只是将淖毛湖褐煤大分子骨架中游离的小分子化合物以及与大分子骨架以弱共价键相连的小分子萃取了出来,并未破坏煤样的大分子骨架结构。此外,NL和ER红外数据的分峰拟合结果显示,经过超声萃取后,ER中红外吸收峰的种类并未增加,只是峰的强度发生了改变。通过NL和ER的TG-DTG曲线可知,超声萃取后,NL的失重量由47.09%增加至51.04%,最大失重速率峰由450℃提前至430℃。NL和ER基于Coats-Redfern模型的热解动力学分析结果表明,经过超声萃取后,ER在快速热解阶段的活化能比NL更低,热解过程更容易进行。

Carbon disulfide(CDS), methanol, acetone and isometric carbon disulfide/acetone mixture(IMCDSAM)were used as solvents to sequentially extract Naomaohu lignite(NL) via ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain extracts(E1-E4) and final extraction residue(ER). Composition and structure of E1-E4 were analyzed by GC-MS.It is found that the main compounds in E1 are alkanes, aromatics, alcohols and esters. Alkanes, alcohols and esters are the main compounds in E2. Alcohols, phenolics and esters are the main components in E3, and esters are mainly phthalic diester compounds. Affected by synergistic effect of the two solvents CDS and acetone, the relative content of alkenes in E4 is relatively high. FT-IR was used to characterize functional groups in NL, E1-E4 and ER. The results show that the ultrasonic extraction process only extracts free small compounds from macromolecular skeleton of the NL and some other molecules, which connect the macromolecular skeleton by weak covalent bonds,and the process does not destroy the macromolecular skeleton structure. In addition, peak fitting results from FT-IR show that types of infrared absorption peaks in ER do not change after ultrasonic extraction, while intensity of the peaks varies. TG-DTG profiles of NL and ER indicate that after ultrasonic extraction weight loss of NL increases from 47.09% to 51.04%, and peak of the maximum weight loss rate is advanced from 450 to 430 ℃. Pyrolysis kinetic analyses of NL and ER based on Coats-Redfern model show that after ultrasonic extraction activation energy of ER in rapid pyrolysis stage is lower than that of NL, and the pyrolysis process is easier to proceed.