驴运即人运--《环境、权力与不公》中的物种主义偏见分析

Two Species,One Fate:Speciesism Misconception in Environment,Power and Injustice

不同人群所拥有的权力真正决定着其所享用的客观环境条件,就是通过这样的机制,权力在不同种族、不同阶级和不同性别的人之间创造了现实生活中结构性的不平等、不公平,因此,权力是环境史上必不可少的考虑因素。令人意外的是,非洲土著在被殖民期间的境遇和当地的一种动物——驴子,演绎了相似的命运轨迹。他们的经历通常是:先被白人统治者借环境之由污名化、标签化,后被驱逐、强制搬迁,稍有反抗,就会被惩罚、被屠戮。驴子先是经历了各种抹黑,后遭到野蛮屠杀。间接统治手段方便白人殖民者实施暴力种族歧视行为,而当地的部族首领无力作为,又方便了白人殖民者推行自己理想化的经济模式。驴子和部族主体被虐待的原因须结合环境史史实进行透视和溯源:这是一种环境种族主义在南部非洲历史上的具体表现,而白人殖民者实施这一系列行为的背后心理逻辑动力则是其根深蒂固的物种主义偏见。

People with unequal power are entitled to different environmental situation,and the structural inequality is thus produced and projected to people of different races,classes and genders.Therefore,power plays an indispensable role in shaping the environmental realities.Unexpectedly,black native Africans in South Africa and local donkeys suffered from undifferentiated treatments characterized by discrimination and injustice during the colonial period.Generally,they were firstly defamed,ill-labelled and accordingly brutally driven,removed,punished,even slaughtered out of the political and economic excuses under the cover of environment protection claim,especially when they tended to resist.In the same way,donkeys were denounced and shot.The indirect rule in politics facilitated the violent discrimination and the tribe authority impotence was conducive to the economic development model preferred by the white colonists.The reasons for the abuse of donkeys and tribal subjects must be analyzed and traced in combination with the environmental history.It was a manifestation of environmental racism in the history of Southern Africa.The psychological and logical driving force behind the white colonists’behaviors was their deep-rooted speciesism misconception.