盐城珍禽自然保护区景观格局分析

Landscape Pattern in Yancheng Rare Birds Nature Reserve

区域土地利用变化是造成全球生物多样性减少、景观格局产生变化的直接原因。基于土地利用情况进行区域景观格局的变化分析,可以为优化区域土地利用布局、改善景观格局提供决策参考。本文基于盐城珍禽自然保护区2000—2018年5期土地利用数据,综合运用ArcGIS软件和Fragstats软件对盐城珍禽自然保护区的景观格局变化情况进行动态分析。研究表明:由于区域土地利用变化的影响,2000—2018年盐城珍禽自然保护区整体景观变化较为剧烈,并且珍禽保护区内的景观格局呈现出破碎化程度与复杂程度不断加深的趋势。从保护区内的整体景观来看,保护区整体景观格局呈现出集中度降低、斑块类型逐渐单一化的趋势;从不同景观类型的变化趋势来看,各景观类型的变化各异且存在分布不均衡的现象,其中旱地、水库坑塘和其他建设用地是三类变化最为明显的景观类型。据此,可以从优化保护区的土地利用格局、强化分区管理,加强保护区监测体系、开展滨海湿地国家公园试点建设,系统保护湿地资源等途径来改善盐城珍禽自然保护区景观格局,从而提升盐城珍禽自然保护区的区域生态环境。

Regional land use change will affect global biodiversity and landscape pattern directly and significantly.The analysis of landscape pattern based on land use data can provide decision-making references for optimizing regional land use and landscape pattern.Based on the land use data of Yancheng Rare Birds Nature Reserve from 2000 to 2018,this paper made a dynamic analysis of the changing situation of landscape pattern there with the comprehensive application of ArcGIS and Fragstats.The results show that the overall landscape of Yancheng Rare Birds Nature Reserve has changed sharply from 2000 to 2018,and the landscape pattern there displays a trend of increasing fragmentation and complexity due to the impact of regional land use change.Seen from the perspective of overall landscape design,the landscape concentration in the reserve has decreased and the patch types have gradually become homogenized.Seen from the perspective of changing trends of various landscape types,there are differentiations and unbalanced distributions of landscape types.Dry land,reservoirs,ponds and construction land are the types of landscape with the most obvious changes.Based on the above results,the paper puts forward policy suggestions to improve the landscape pattern of Yancheng Rare Birds Nature Reserve,including optimizing the land use pattern,strengthening partition management and the monitoring system,building coastal wetland national park pilot and protecting the wetland resources systematically.