强电磁脉冲威胁与弹性电力系统发展战略

HEMP Threat and Development Strategy of Resilient Power System

随着电网向智能化、信息化方向发展,强电磁脉冲威胁日益加剧。其中,高空核爆电磁脉冲(HEMP)覆盖范围广、强度高、破坏目标多,会对广域分布的电力设施造成全局性威胁,使一个地区甚至整个国家的电力系统陷入瘫痪。另外,我国正处于能源转型的关键时期,能源转型下的电力系统呈现不确定性、开放性及复杂性等特点,使得现代电力系统在极端自然灾害和人为攻击下变得更加脆弱,运行风险急剧增大。本文以HEMP环境特征、效应、危害特征和初步评估结果为切入点,兼顾能源转型下电力系统面临的安全问题,提出以高恢复力的弹性电力系统建设作为应对策略,并阐述弹性电力系统发展步骤及具体研究框架,期望经过全行业15年的努力,建成具备快速恢复力的弹性电力系统。

With the development of power grid towards intelligence and informatization,the threat of strong electromagnetic pulses is increasing.The high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP)can cover a wide range,produce high intensity,posing a global threat to the power facilities distributed in a wide area,and can paralyze the power system of a region or even a country.In addition,in the context of energy transition in China,the current power system in China presents new characteristics of uncertainty,openness,and complexity,which makes it more vulnerable to the increasing natural disasters and possible man-made attacks,adding great potential risks to its operation.Taking the environmental characteristics,effects,hazard characteristics and preliminary assessment results of HEMP as the breakthrough point,and taking into account the security problems faced by the power system under the energy transformation,this paper proposes the construction of a flexible power system with high resilience as a response strategy,and expounds the development steps and specific research framework of the flexible power system.It is hoped that a resilient power system with rapid resilience will be built after 15 years of efforts of the whole industry.