香港特区选举委员会的历史成因、重构与新制度价值

The Historical Causes,Reformation and New System Values of the Election Committee of Hong Kong SAR

香港特区选举委员会是香港基本法起草者基于保证香港平稳回归和繁荣稳定发展而精心设计的选举机构。选举委员会的设立目的主要在于确保回归前后香港政治变革的有序进行;保障香港各阶层的政治参与,丰富并完善香港特区的选举形式;保障香港工商阶层的特殊利益以及预防激进民主可能引发的社会动荡等。回归后随着香港政改矛盾和社会分裂的不断加剧,选举委员会在较好完成自身职责的同时亦面临着社会认受性不足、内部共识难以维系、身份转变遇挫等难题,影响了“爱国者治港”原则的全面落实。2021年的香港特区选举制度完善充分挖掘了选举委员会选举的制度优势,从优化组成和增加赋权两大方面入手重构选举委员会,在保证民主需求的同时,为“爱国者治港”提供了坚强制度保障,有利于推动行政主导制的全面落实和香港融入国家发展大局的早日实现。

The Election Committee of Hong Kong SAR is an electoral body carefully designed by the drafters of the Basic Law of Hong Kong to ensure the smooth transfer of Hong Kong and its prosperity development.The purpose of the establishment of the Election Committee is to ensure the orderly progress of Hong Kong’s political changes before and after 1997;to ensure the political participation of all social strata in Hong Kong,to enrich and improve the Hong Kong election system;to protect the special interests of Hong Kong’s business community and prevent the society from the potential radical democracy,etc.However,as the Hong Kong’s increasingly political reform contradictions and social divisions after the return,the Election Committee,while fulfilling its responsibilities well,also faced problems such as insufficient social recognition,difficulty in maintaining internal consensus,and failed identity change,which all challenged the achievement of Election Committee’s goal as the protector of the rule of“Patriots Governing Hong Kong”.The improving electoral system of the Hong Kong in 2021 has fully explored the system advantages of the Election Committee.The new Election Committee is restructured from two major aspects of optimizing the composition method and increasing authorities.The improvement of Election Committee provides a strong institutional guarantee for the rule of“Patriots Governing Hong Kong”and settles the political reform disputes while ensuring the needs of democracy,and it is also conducive to promoting the full implementation of the executive-led system and to realizing the integration of Hong Kong into the development of the country.