孕前期低热饮食干预对超重个体妊娠糖尿病的影响

Effect of Low-Calorie Diet Intervention on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Overweight Individuals in Early-Pregnancy Stage

目的:探讨孕前期低热饮食干预模式对超重(含肥胖)个体妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的影响效果。方法:于2017年12月—2020年1月,将我院产科收入的52例首胎、超重及肥胖的育龄女性随机分为对照组(26例)和干预组(26例),对照组采用常规性膳食营养指南模式,干预组则采用个性化、持续性的低热量饮食模式,干预完成后在第24~28孕周测量受试者体重及血糖情况,对比两组孕期的体重增长和GDM发生率。结果:干预后两组研究对象的体重均显著增加,但干预组(2.62±1.37)明显低于对照组(5.85±1.48),两组间差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);干预组GDM的发生率(30.77%)显著低于对照组(57.69%),差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:孕前期的低热饮食干预模式能够有效地控制超重及肥胖育龄女性孕期体重的增长,并显著降低GDM发生率,未来可考虑应用及推广,以减少该群体GDM的发生。

[Objective] To explore the effect of low-calorie diet intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)among overweight(including obese)individuals in early-pregnancy stage.[Method] From December 2017 to January 2020,52 first-born,overweight or obese women of childbearing age with obstetric income in our hospital were randomly divided into control group (26 cases)and intervention group(26 cases).The control group adopted the routine dietary nutrition guidelines mode,while the intervention group adopted the personalized and continuous low-calorie diet mode.After the intervention was completed,the subjects’ weight and blood glucose were measured at the24 th to 28 th gestational weeks,then the weight gain and the incidence of GDM were compared between the two groups.[Result] After the intervention,the body weight of subjects in both groups increased significantly,but the intervention group (2.62±1.37)was lower than the control group (5.85±1.48)for weight gain,with statistically significant difference (P <0.05).Meanwhile,the incidence of GDM in the intervention group (30.77%)was lower than that in the control group (57.69%),with statistically significant difference.[Conclusion] Low-calorie diet intervention in early-pregnancy stage can effectively control the gestational weight gain among overweight and obese women of childbearing age,and significantly decrease the incidence of GDM.Future applications and promotion can be considered to reduce the incidence of GDM in this group.