空间景区化下普通民居外观组合改造模式研究——以新疆吐鲁番吐峪沟夏村为例

Combination Transformation Mode of Ordinary Dwelling appearance Under the Spatial Scenic Transformation:Case Study on TuyugouXia Village in Turpan,Xinjiang

如何通过普通村落的民居外观改造,塑造村落自身特色形象并吸引游客,以及建筑师不长期驻场指导时,方便村民使用设计图纸建设。运用类型学方法及模式语言理论,以新疆吐鲁番吐峪沟夏村为例,探索一套有效的解决方法。研究可得,对当地传统民居外观元素进行提取、转换,形成门头等4类9种民居立面组成元素,依据不同类型元素和功能位置构建有序的单元组合模式,可应用于沿街单体及多栋联排民居;最后与村民沟通协定后提供民居外观改造A3图纸,引导村民自建。此外观组合改造模式类型多样,操作方便,可为景区周边普通村落的风貌改造提供借鉴。

Shaping a village’s distinctive features and attracting tourists through the reconstruction of ordinary village layouts is an important research question.Further,techniques for successfully making easy-toconstruct buildings without the guidance of resident architects are imperative.TuyugouXia Village,Shanshan County,Turpan City,Xinjiang province is 21 km away from the famous Flaming Mountains tourist attraction and less than 1 km away from the famous Chinese historical and cultural Mazha village.Based on TuyugouXia Village,this study proposed solutions for the combined reconstruction of village layouts through the typology method and the theory of pattern language.Firstly,the status quo and existing problems of traditional dwellings were investigated.Based on the degree of alienation of traditional dwelling buildings in TuyugouXia Village,they can be divided into three styles:the Traditional Dwelling style,Local Alienated Dwelling style,and Alienated Dwelling style.Secondly,the appearance forms of traditional dwellings were analyzed.Nine categories and four types of dwelling facade elements were extracted,including exterior walls,ventilation walls,windows,parapet walls,headers of doors,door pillars,plinths,floors,and trellises,which were denoted from A to I.These elements can be easily combined and their style queried.Moreover,parapets,shed frames,columns,and windows were viewed as control elements of their style mandatorily,according to the style characteristics of the elements.Walls,ventilation walls,and other elements were regarded to be guidance elements with strong selectivity and creativity.Next,these elements were combined with the production and life scenes in TuyugouXia Village for conversion.Since ordinary villages lack strong stylistic control in comparison to traditional villages,some elements can be improved artistically to enrich their diversity.Therefore,55 dwellings facade elements of nine categories of TuyugouXia Village were obtained after conversion.These elements could be divided into traditional styles and art promotion styles.In addition to facade elements,exterior space elements were also included in the reconstruction of dwelling appearances.The exterior space elements of TuyugouXia Village mainly included walls and leisure chairs.After combination,nine exterior space elements were obtained,which could be combined and set with the facade elements of traditional dwellings to construct their characteristic appearance styles.The most important facet of this combined reconstruction lies in the combination and application of these elements,including the combination of elements in a single building and the combination of buildings to nodes,and from streets to alleys.Under the three reconstruction principles of individual differences,harmony in diversity on the whole,and functional transformation,a single building combines its facade elements with external space elements based on functionality and location,forming the traditional style and artistic promotion style.The traditional dwellings along the streets mainly adopt the protective transformation of the traditional style,and the alienated dwellings adopt the traditional style or artistic promotion style,according to their functionality.The alienated dwellings adopt the traditional style or artistic promotion style during reconstruction after demolition.Adjacent dwellings can have different appearances,combined reconstruction modes,or different elements to build an orderly street mode with harmony in diversity.Finally,the designer communicates with villagers to select the style of each element,draw an A3 drawing,and determine the element selection code,building number,and information of householders on the drawing.These are convenient for the villagers to print or copy.At the same time,villagers can also choose to replace elements from the element style library according to the element code and implement construction measures by themselves.The appearance combined reconstruction mode is of various types and is easy to operate.Research conclusions of this work can provide references for the reconstruction of common villages around scenic spots.