地表水中石油类监测存在的问题与对策

Problems and countermeasures of oil testing in surface water monitoring

为使我国地表水中石油类检测过程更具可操作性和推广性,使各实验室石油类检测结果更具可对比性和量值溯源性,本文从地表水中石油类样品采集、样品检测及标准物质选取等三个方面对当前国内外相关标准中规定内容进行了汇总梳理,得出目前采用的样品采集方法均难以保证样品代表性、各种检测方法关注点不同且各有利弊、标准物质的选取对最终测定结果有较大影响的结论。为解决上述难题,建议开展以下3方面工作:(1)研发一种符合地表水中石油类赋存状况的水样采集器;(2)将地表水环境质量标准中"石油类"指标分为"低沸点挥发性石油类"和"高沸点半挥发性石油类"指标分别检测;(3)分流域或河流开展石油类标准物质研制工作。

The main objective of this paper is to provide a critical review of recent studies on standards of sample collection,sample testing,and standard material at home and abroad to make the detection process of petroleum in surface water in our country more operable and applicable, and to make the detection results in various laboratories more comparable and retrospective. However, it is difficult for the reported methods of sample collection to acquire the representative samples and the methods of sample detection lack compatibility due to the different purposes. Furthermore, petroleum standards, which are produced by the non-uniform standard in our country,have a greater impact on the final measurement results. To solve the above problems, the following work should be carried out. Firstly, a water sample collector that meets the status of the condition of petroleum in surface water should be researched and developed. Secondly,the target compounds of"petroleum"in environmental quality standards for surface water should be divided into "low boiling point volatile petroleum" and "high boiling point semi-volatile petroleum" and detected separately. Thirdly,the petroleum standard substances should be developed in different river basins or rivers.