在读大学生糖尿病患者自我病耻感现状及影响因素研究

Status and influencing factors of self stigma in college students with diabetes mellitus

目的了解在读大学生糖尿病患者的自我病耻感现状,并分析其影响因素。方法本研究为横断面研究,于2017年7月—2020年6月采用线上、线下相结合的方式进行便利抽样,选取5所三级甲等医院内分泌代谢科门诊或住院治疗的在读大学生糖尿病患者为研究对象,并以关注2个糖尿病公众号的同类患者为线上补充。采用一般资料调查表、中文版自我病耻感量表(C-SSS)进行问卷调查,采用t检验、方差分析、多重线性回归分析对数据进行统计学处理。共发放200份问卷,收回有效问卷189份,有效收回率为94.50%。结果80.42%的在读大学生糖尿病患者的自我病耻感处于中高水平。C-SSS总均分为(2.34±0.49)分,其中认知维度均分为(2.33±0.50)分,情感维度均分为(2.41±0.57)分,行为维度均分为(2.19±0.64)分。单因素分析结果显示,不同性别、家庭所在地、父母身体状况、糖尿病类型、家族史、糖尿病并发症、是否胰岛素治疗的在读大学生糖尿病患者的病耻感得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,性别、糖尿病类型是影响在读大学生糖尿病患者自我病耻感水平的因素(P<0.05)。结论在读大学生糖尿病患者疾病病耻感水平普遍较高。医院、学校、家庭应加强联合,关注自我病耻感水平高的大学生,通过动态追踪、心理辅导等干预措施,针对性进行及早防控。

Objective To understand the status quo of self-stigma of diabetic patients in college students and analyze its influencing factors.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study,and the convenient sampling was conducted online and offline from July 2017 to June 2020.College students with diabetes who were treated in outpatient or inpatient Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism in 5 ClassⅢGrade A hospitals were selected as the research objects,and similar patients who followed 2 diabetes public accounts were selected as online supplements.General information questionnaire and China-Self Stigma Scale(C-SSS)were used for questionnaire surveys.Data were statistically processed by t-test,analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis.A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed,and 189 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 94.50%.The self-stigma of 80.42%of college students with diabetes mellitus was at a medium-to-high level.The total average score of C-SSS was(2.34±0.49),of which the mean scores of cognitive dimension,emotional dimension and behavioral dimension were respectively(2.33±0.50),(2.41±0.57)and(2.19±0.64).The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the stigma scores of diabetic patients with different genders,family locations,parental physical conditions,diabetes types,family history,diabetes complications and insulin treatment or not(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender and type of diabetes were factors affecting the self-stigma level of college students with diabetes mellitus(P<0.05).Conclusions The level of self-stigma in college students with diabetes mellitus is generally high.Hospitals,schools and families should strengthen cooperation and pay attention to these with high level of self-stigma.Meanwhile,early prevention and control should be targeted through dynamic tracking,psychological counseling and other interventions.