关于布依族史诗典籍《安王与祖王》版本及其珍善本甄别

A Study of the Editions of the Buyi Epic Book“An Wang and Zu Wang”

《安王与祖王》是布依族著名的史诗典籍,内容丰富,具有多方面的研究价值。主要分布在贵州、云南布依族第一土语区,尤其以南北盘江流域的望谟、罗甸、册亨、贞丰等县最为集中。版本众多,在故事情节、人物名称、人物关系等方面有差异。这些版本形成的原因,因传承方式不同而有差异。书籍版本不同的形成主要因为转抄时因漏字、句段或用字不同等原因导致,口耳相传形式传承传播形成的版本不同主要因为师承的不同以及传承过程中因记忆不同而出现对某些段落、句子的失忆,或对原文理解的不同导致改动原文。对《安王与祖王》珍善本的甄别,应借鉴、参考汉文古籍“三性”原则,结合布依族古籍的实际进行。根据掌握的资料,经过充分分析比较,流行于望谟县乐元镇里好村王定兵传承的版本是目前掌握的版本中更为珍贵和完善的版本。

“An Wang and Zu Wang”(King An and King Zu),a famous Buyi epic rich in content,has significant research values.It is mainly told in the first Buyi native language region in Guizhou and Yunnan,especially in counties of Beipanjiang River Basin,such as Wangmo,Luodian,Ceheng and Zhenfeng.With many versions,the epic is different in aspects like storyline,people’s names and their relationship.The reasons for the formation of these versions vary because of transmission.The difference between written versions derives mainly from negligence or diction variation in transcribing,while the spoken version difference mainly derives from sources,memory loss,or personal interpretation of the original text.To select a precious and good version of the epic story,the principle of“three qualities”in edition selection of ancient Chinese classics is adopted with an eye on the actual characteristics of Buoy ancient classics.After an analysis and comparison of current materials collected,this paper believes that the version handed down by Wang Dingbing in Wangmo County is the most precious and best version at present.