作为成圣实践的教与学:王阳明的教育思想研究

Teaching and Learning as the Practice of Becoming a Saint:A Study of Wang Yangming’s Educational Thought

阳明心学是一门教人做“圣人”的教育学,以“学知”和“困知”之人为教育对象。“学知”之人在世上罕见,因而“困知”之人是阳明心学的主要受众。“困知”之人由于“私意”的遮蔽,无法遵循作为“性”的“良知”的指引,他们的“心”总是处于被“私意”干扰的状态。因此,阳明提出“致良知”的教育内容,要求“困知”之人随时随事不间断地“致良知”。以“致良知”来帮助人们成圣的阳明心学,呈现出教即学的根本特点,消解了教育学中的主体性问题,能对现代教育体系的完善以及教育学的建构带来有益的启示。

Wang Yangming’s Mind Study is,in a sense,an educational study that teaches people to be“saints”and is aimed at educating those“gifted people”and“confused people”.As gifted people are rare in the world,Wang Yangming’s Mind Study is mainly targeted at those confused people.The confused people,getting their mind constantly disturbed by“selfishness”,are unable to follow the guidance of“conscience”as their“nature”due to the obscuration of the“selfishness”.Therefore,Wang Yangming proposed the educational content of“promoting conscience”,requiring the confused people to do so at all time and in all matters without interruption.Wang Yangming’s Mind Study,adopting“the recuperation of conscience”to help people to become saints,shows that to teach is to learn,which avoids the problem of who takes the dominance in education.This will bring useful insights to the improvement of modern education system and the construction of pedagogy.