论“造化”的实在性——以王阳明、张载造化思想为例

On the Reality of“Zaohua”——A case study of Wang Yangming’s and Zhang Zai’s Ideas on“Zaohua”

“造化”乃天道生生之大德,生生是儒家本体意义上实然性的存在,造化便亦如是。在王阳明看来,“良知是造化的精灵”,“造化”以神、以化予良知,良知是造化之根上开出的精灵之花,造化“生生与灵觉”的实在使良知虚性下落,良知心体中“气”的面向反证了造化的实然。而张载之“造化”,以“易”道义理的引取,其天地之心、太虚大化的主宰性意象,因“先识造化”的创生次序及入德之途将生生之“易”的神性拉近,正向凸显了其“气”象直接性的实在。王阳明、张载“造化”思想超越性地分别反补与加深了各自心、气本体的原有指向,即良知气向、气之实向,以此,本体义上的造化之实有,亦得以彰显。

“Zaohua”(nature,or the productiveness of nature)is a great virtue by which the heaven produces the world,which is a reality existence from the ontological sense of Confucianism,so is“zaohua”.According to Wang Yangming,“conscience is the spirit of zaohua”,who produces conscience through god and cultivation,and so conscience is the blossom of spirit from the root of zaohua.The reality of the“productivity(shengsheng)and enlightenment(lingjue)”of zaohua makes conscience modest and downward.While the direction of“qi”(temperament)in the heart body of conscience is an evidence of reality of zaohua from the opposite.For Zhang Zai,the concept of zaohua is derived from the principle of“yi”.With its dominance position in the universe,the divine nature of zaohua becomes more human because of the its producing sequence and the approach to virtue,which directly highlights the reality of“qi”of zaohua.Both Wang Yangming and Zhang Zai have transcendently compensated and strengthened“heart”and“qi”in their concept of zaohua,that is,conscience is directed by“qi”,which is real.In this sense,the reality of zaohua from its ontological sense can also be manifested.