殊途同归:伦理选择与仪式书写——比较文学视域中的《哈姆莱特》与《铸剑》研究

All Roads Lead to Rome:Ethical Choice and Ritual Writing——Hamlet and Casting Sword in Comparative Literature

同属于叙述类文学的《哈姆莱特》和《铸剑》都讲述了一个借由仪式向国王报杀父之仇的主题故事,主人公哈姆莱特和眉间尺面临着相同的伦理选择,即身为臣民的他们该如何有效地且不受社会伦理谴责完成复仇行动。为了让故事主人公作出正确的伦理选择,顺利完成为父复仇的冒险家行动,莎士比亚和鲁迅都在其文本叙事中穿插了地位转换仪式书写。仪式书写建构了仪式展演空间,能够进一步强化文本复仇故事主题,彰显出复仇故事的伦理价值与人物伦理选择的意义。

Both Hamlet and Casting Sword,belonging to narrative literature,tell a theme story of avenging the king for killing his father through a ritual.The protagonists Hamlet and Mei Jianchi faced the same ethical choice,that is how they can effectively complete their revenge action without social and ethical condemnation.In order for the protagonists to make the correct ethical choice and successfully complete the adventurer’s action to avenge his father,both Shakespeare and Lu Xun interspersed the status conversion ritual writing in their text narration.The ritual writing constructs the ritual performance space,which can further strengthen the theme of the text story,and demonstrate the ethical value of the story and the meaning of the ethical choice of characters.