黔东南小香鸡生长性能与肉质分析

Analysis of growth performance and meat quality of Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chicken

为探究黔东南小香鸡的生长发育规律,以240羽(公母各半)黔东南小香鸡为研究对象,在0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18和20周龄时进行体重测定,在4、8、12、16和20周龄时测量体尺,在250日龄时随机选取30只黔东南小香鸡(公母各15只)进行屠宰性能和肉质指标测定。结果显示:公母鸡间出生重差异不显著(P>0.05),2周龄公鸡体重显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),其余周龄公鸡体重极显著高于母鸡(P<0.01);不同周龄公鸡体尺显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)或极显著高于母鸡(P<0.01);公鸡屠宰率显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),其余屠宰指标公鸡均极显著高于母鸡(P<0.01);公鸡腿肌中的水分含量和粗蛋白含量极显著高于母鸡(P<0.01),而腿肌和胸肌中粗脂肪含量极显著低于母鸡(P<0.01);公鸡中天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)、必需氨基酸含量(EAA)极显著高于母鸡(P<0.01);苏氨酸(Thr)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、赖氨酸(Lys)、精氨酸(Arg)显著高于母鸡(P<0.05);公鸡中癸酸(C10:0)、十一烷酸(C11:0)、10-顺-十七烯酸(C17:1)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、反亚油酸(C18:2n6c)、二十碳一烯酸(C20:1n9)、α-亚麻酸(C18:3n3)、二十碳三烯酸(C20:3n6)、花生四烯酸(C20:4n6)、二十二碳六烯酸甲酯DHA(C22:6n3)这10种脂肪酸的含量极显著高于母鸡(P<0.01)。试验结果可为黔东南小香鸡的选种选育和开发利用提供参考。

In order to explore the growth and development patterns of Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens,a total of 240 birds(half male and half female)were selected as the research subjects.The body weight of the chickens was measured at 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 weeks of age,and their body size was measured at 4,8,12,16 and 20 weeks of age.At 250 days of age,30 of the experimental chickens(15 males and 15 females)were randomly selected to measure their slaughter performance and meat quality indexes.The results showed as follows:There was no significant difference in birth weight among the male chickens(P>0.05),the weight of males at 2 weeks of age was significantly higher than that of the females(P<0.05),and the weight of the males at the other weeks of age was significantly higher than that of that of the females(P<0.01).The body size of the males at different weeks of age was significantly higher than that of the females(P<0.05)or extremely significantly higher(P<0.01).The slaughter percentage of the males was significantly higher than that of the females(P<0.05),and the other slaughter indexes of the males were significantly higher than those of the females(P<0.01).The water content and crude protein content in the leg muscle of the males were significantly higher than those of the females(P<0.01),while the crude fat content in leg muscle and breast muscle of the males was significantly lower than that of the females(P<0.01).The contents of aspartic acid(Asp),glutamate(Glu),glycine(Gly),isoleucine(Ile),leucine(Leu),umami amino acid(DAA)and essential amino acid(EAA)in the males were significantly higher than those in the females(P<0.01).Threonine(Thr),tyrosine(Tyr),lysine(Lys)and arginine(Arg)were significantly higher in the males than those in the females(P<0.05).The contents of capric acid(C10:0),undecanoic acid(C11:0),10-cy-heptaenoic acid(C17:1),stearic acid(C18:0),translinoleic acid(C18:2 n6 C),eicosenoic acid(C20:1 n9),α-linolenic acid(C18:3 n3),eicostrienoic acid(C20:3 n6),aracidonic acid,and the contents of 10 fatty acids(C20:4 n6)and methyl docosahexaenoate DHA(C22:6 n3)were significantly higher in the males than those in the females(P<0.01).The above results of body weight measurement,slaughter and meat quality of the Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens in this experiment provide reference for the breeding and development of the chicken breed in the future.