不同类型皮燕麦在吉林省西部的产量与农艺性状的比较研究

Comparative Study on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Different Types of Oat in Western Jilin Province

为探究不同类型燕麦(Avena sativa L.)产量与农艺性状差异,筛选饲用或粮用优质燕麦品种并提供评判指标,本试验以10个品种的皮燕麦为材料,对其产量、农艺性状、归一化植被指数(Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、叶绿素含量等参数进行比较分析。结果表明:干草产量品种间差异极显著(P<0.01),干草产量与开花期根系生物量显著正相关(P<0.05),与开花期NDVI、拔节期叶绿素含量极显著正相关(P<0.01),与开花期茎叶比极显著负相关(P<0.01)。种子产量品种间差异极显著(P<0.01),种子产量与成穗期密度显著正相关(P<0.05),与单穗籽粒数极显著正相关(P<0.01),与分蘖期密度、成熟期穗长、拔节期叶绿素含量显著负相关(P<0.05),与开花期及乳熟期NDVI极显著负相关(P<0.01)。因此,以饲草生产为目的应选择叶片多、根系粗壮的品种,以籽粒生产为目的应选择成穗能力强、穗长较短、籽粒数多的品种。在开花期测量NDVI,拔节期测量叶绿素含量有利于鉴定饲用型或粮用型燕麦。

In order to explore the differences in the yield and agronomic traits of different types of oats(Avena sativa L.),select high-quality oat varieties that were suitable for forage production or grain production and provide evaluation indicators in this area,ten oat varieties were evaluated to compare their yield,main agronomic traits,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and chlorophyll content.The main results showed that,there was a high significant difference in the hay yield among the tested oat varieties(P<0.01).Hay yield was significantly positively correlated with root biomass at flowering stage(P<0.05),and it was highly significantly positively correlated with NDVI at flowering stage as well as with chlorophyll content at jointing stage(P<0.01).Hay yield was highly significantly negatively correlated with stem-leaved ratio at flowering stage(P<0.01).The difference of seed yield among the tested oat varieties was very significant(P<0.01).Seed yield was significantly positively correlated with spike-forming density(P<0.05),and it was highly significantly positively correlated with the grain number of single spike at maturity stage(P<0.01).Seed yield was significantly negatively correlated with tillering density,spike length and chlorophyll content at jointing stage(P<0.05),and it was highly significantly negatively correlated with NDVI at flowering stage and milk ripening stage(P<0.01).Therefore,in western Jilin Province,oat varieties with more leaves and strong roots should be selected for forage production,while varieties with stronger spike-forming ability per plant,shorter spike length and higher grain number of single spike should be selected for grain production during oat varieties breeding.Measuring the NDVI during the flowering stage and chlorophyll content during the jointing stage is helpful for identifying forage and grain types of oat varieties.