美国体育与美国梦对美国软实力的影响路径

The Influence Paths of American Sports and the American Dream on American Soft Power

美国体育是美国文化的重要形式,美国梦则是美国体育文化宣扬的核心价值观之一。运用文献资料法和约瑟夫·奈的软实力理论,研究美国体育文化和美国梦对美国软实力的影响路径可发现:一方面,美国体育文化及其传达的美国梦话语在政府的政治挪用、媒体的广泛传播和市场的商业营销下增加了美国价值观的吸引力,从而让美国软实力得以发挥作用。但在另一方面,层层筛选机制和高淘汰率、显性和隐性的身份歧视、俱乐部和联盟的商业盘剥使美国体育文化没有做到对美国梦的真实表述,从而对美国软实力的合法性有所削弱。从软实力角度对美国体育与美国梦进行研究,有助于我们理解美国体育文化和美国梦对美国价值观的传输和对软实力的发挥所产生的复杂影响,并对体悟美国软实力变化的路径和原因有所启示。

American sports is a critical form of American culture,and the American Dream is one of the core values that American sports promotes.Using literature review and the Soft Power theory proposed by Joseph Nye to study the influence paths of American sports and the American Dream on American soft power,we could draw two main conclusions.On the one hand,American sports increases the appeal of the American Dream through government’s appropriation,media transmission,and market drive,thus contributing to the operation of American soft power.On the other hand,the scarcity of opportunity,visible and invisible discrimination,and commercial exploitation make American sports culture fail to truthfully express the American Dream,thus undermining the credibility of American soft power.The study of American sports and American Dream from the perspective of soft power helps to analyze the complicated impact that American sports culture and the American Dream have on the transmission of American values and the exertion of soft power,and facilitates the understanding of the reasons why American soft power grows or declines.