行总湖南分署善后救济机制探析

On the Relief and Rehabilitation Mechanism of Hunan Branch of CNRRA

抗日战争结束后,寇灾和接连不断的天灾人祸,严重破坏了湖南社会和经济的基础,有近千万人亟待救济,被破坏的各行各业亟待复原。战后成立的行总湖南分署承担起湖南善后救济的职责任务。在行总的领导下,不断调整完善组织机构,整合善救资源,协同多元主体,利用联总捐赠的物资开展多种形式的善后救济业务,逐渐形成了“轻重缓急”“寓救济与善后”“摸石头过河”“多元协同”的善后救济机制,挽救了数百万灾民的生命,奠定了农业、交通、医疗卫生、工业、社会福利等发展的基础,基本完成了善后救济任务。当然,受限于特定的历史环境,行总湖南分署的善后救济机制中也存在一些不足,诸如未建立善后救济辅助体系,缺乏顶层设计和整体规划,自主权不足等等。

The disaster brought by the Japanese invaders and other natural calamities and man-made misfortunes in succession seriously damaged the social and economic foundation of Hunan Province.Nearly 10 million people were in urgent need of relief and all walks of life damaged were in urgent need of recovery.Hunan Branch of the China National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration(HBCNRRA)set up after the war took on the responsibilities and tasks of relief and rehabilitation in Hunan Province.Under the leadership of the China National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration(CNRRA),HBCNRRA constantly adjusted and improved the organization,integrated relief and rehabilitation resources,cooperated with multiple subjects and carried out various forms of relief and rehabilitation operations with the supplies donated by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration(UNRRA).It gradually formed a working mechanism of prioritization,integrating relief with rehabilitation,"feeling stones to cross a river"and multiple coordination,which saved the lives of millions of victims,laid the foundation for the development of agriculture,transportation,medical and health care,industry and social welfare,and basically completed the task of relief and rehabilitation.Of course,limited by the specific historical environment,there were some deficiencies in the working mechanism of HBCNRRA,such as the failure to establish an auxiliary system for relief and rehabilitation,the lack of top-level design and overall planning,and the lack of autonomy.