世界一流智库研究成果满足政府教育决策需求的过程机制及启示——以美国布鲁金斯学会布朗教育政策中心为例

The process mechanism and implication of world-class think tanks′research results meeting governments′educational decision-making needs:taking the case of the Brown Center on Education Policy at the Brookings Institution in the United States

智库在帮助政府提高决策有效性方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,满足政府决策需求在智库影响政府政策制定过程中愈发紧迫。本研究从政策结构和过程的角度出发构建分析框架,选取美国布鲁金斯学会布朗教育政策中心为案例,探究世界一流智库研究成果满足政府教育决策需求的运行过程。研究发现,该智库积极参与政府教育政策制定的各个阶段,其不同阶段研究成果的知识属性分别表现为识别政策问题、设计政策方案以及监督政策实施和反馈政策意见。同时,该智库与不同的政策参与者建立互动关系并采取相应的行动策略,推进问题确认与议程设置、政策形成与采纳、政策实施与评估各个阶段研究成果获得政府决策者的认可和支持。鉴于此,为提升我国智库研究成果服务政府教育决策的能力,我国可以完善教育研究成果的供需对接机制,形成以需求牵引供给、以供给服务需求的良性对接;加强智库与多方的互动,鼓励智库采取恰当的行动策略提高教育研究成果的有效性;建立健全智库优秀教育研究成果传播机制,提升其政策影响力。

Think tanks are playing increasingly important roles in helping governments to improve decision-making effectiveness,and it is increasingly urgent for think tanks to meet governments′decision-making needs in the process of influencing government policy-making.The study constructs an analytical framework from the perspective of the policy structure and process,selects the Brown Center on Education Policy at the Brookings Institution in the United States as the case,and explores the operational process of world-class think tanks′research results meeting governments′educational decision-making needs.The study finds that the think tank is actively involved in every stage of the government educational policy-making,and knowledge properties of research results in different stages are mainly manifested as the identification of policy issues,the design of policy solutions,the supervision of policy implementation and the feedback of policy opinions.At the same time,the think tank establishes interactive relationships with different policy participants and adopts corresponding action strategies to promote research results gain recognition and support from government decision-makers in stages of issue identification and agenda-setting,policy formation and adoption,and policy implementation and evaluation.Therefore,in order to promote the ability of Chinese think tanks′research results to serve government educational decision-making,China should improve the supply and demand docking mechanism of educational research results,and carry out the benign docking work of supplying by demand traction and supply serving demand;strengthen interaction between think tanks and various parties,and encourage think tanks to adopt appropriate action strategies to ensure educational research results′validity;establish and improve the diffusion mechanism of think tanks′excellent educational research results,and enhance their policy influence.