自然保护地原住居民权益保护问题探究

Protection of Rights and Interests of Indigenous Residents in Nature Reserves

长期以来,我国自然保护地多是采用“抢救式”保护模式进行设立,较少关注自然保护地原住居民的权益。作为“公益性”的自然保护地与“私益性”的原住居民权益之间存在一定的冲突,主要表现为生存权益、土地权益、生态补偿权益以及环境权益4个方面。通过对日本、美国、加拿大等典型国家自然保护地原住居民权益保护的经验总结借鉴,提出我国在尊重、认可自然保护地原住居民权利的前提下,应通过健全自然保护地相关法律制度、建立共建共享机制、完善生态补偿制度、构建社区共管体制等方式,进一步保障自然保护地原住居民的合法权益。

For a long time,nature reserves are mostly established by the“rescue”protection mode in China,and the rights and interests of the indigenous residents in the nature reserves are less concerned.There is a certain conflict between the“public benefit”of nature reserves and the“private benefit”of the rights of indigenous residents,which are mainly manifested in the four aspects of survival rights,land rights,ecological compensation rights and environmental rights.Based on the experience of protecting the rights and interests of indigenous residents in nature reserves in typical countries such as Japan,the United States and Canada,this paper suggested to improve the relevant legal system of nature reserves,establish a joint construction and sharing mechanism,improve the ecological compensation system and build a community co-management systemon the premise of respecting and recognizing the rights of indigenous residents in nature reserves.