有机演进遗迹类文化景观世界遗产的特征与启示——基于国际案例的分析

Characteristics and Revelations of Organically Evolved Relict Landscape——An Analysis Based on International Cases

在文化景观类世界文化遗产理论和实践领域,由中国主导的国际世界遗产研究和实践有限。在自古以来“天人合一”“道法自然”的理念影响下,中国大地上竖立着众多实质上的文化景观,但是体现在书本上关于文化景观的研究较少,尤其是有机演进的景观的研究更少,专门针对有机演进遗迹类文化景观的研究目前几乎为空白。因此,文章立足分析国际上关于有机演进遗迹类文化景观的研究文献,对该领域中文较少的知识进行补充,并且对有机演进遗迹类文化景观的国际定义和发展脉络进行总结。根据教科文官方网站,文章选择了12个比较典型的国际有机演进遗迹类文化景观进行分析。分析遗迹被选为有机演进遗迹类文化景观的原因、突出普遍价值(OUV)与有机演进遗迹类文化景观的关系、完整性与有机演进遗迹类文化景观的关系、真实性与有机演进遗迹类文化景观的关系。文章首次从中国视角提出有机演进遗迹类文化景观认定的3个层级,希望能对中国有机演进遗迹类文化景观研究给予一定的启示。

In the field of theory and practice of World Heritage cultural landscape,the research and practice of international World Heritage dominated by China is limited.Under the influence of the concept of“unity between heaven and man”and“Tao follows nature”since ancient times,many cultural landscapes have been erected in China.However,there are few research on cultural landscapes,especially on organically evolved relict landscape.At present,researches on organically evolved relict landscape is almost non-existent.Therefore,based on the analysis of international literature research on organically evolved relict landscape,this paper supplements the lack of Chinese knowledge in this field,and summarizes the international definition and development context of organically evolved relict landscape.According to the official website of UNESCO,this study selected 12 typical international organically evolved relict landscapes for analysis.This paper analyzes the reasons why relicts are selected as organically evolved landscape,highlights the relationships between outstanding universal value,integrity,authenticity and organically evolved relict landscape.For the first time,this paper puts forward three levels of identification of organically evolved relict landscape from the Chinese perspective,hoping to provide some revelations for the research of organically evolved relict landscape in China.