清代甘肃科举家族与地方社会

Gansu Imperial-Examination Family and Local Societyin Qing Dynasty

传统中国,以农立国,生产力低下,有限的财力无法支撑一个庞大的官僚机构。即使在郡县制建立之后,国家政权很少落实到县以下的乡村社会,这为民间力量的兴起提供了空间。自汉代以后很长一段时间,基于社会的敬老传统,父老阶层在聚落中发挥着主导作用。但是,伴随着科举制度的确立和完善,父老阶层在乡里社会的权力空间不断受到来自士绅群体的挤压,并逐渐被取代。考察清代甘肃科举家族在地方社会的事功,主要表现在参与地方教育、编纂地方志、维护地方安定等多个方面。

In traditional China,the country was based on agriculture,the productivity was low,and the limited financial resources could not support a huge bureaucracy.Even after the establishment of the county system,the state power is rarely implemented in the rural society below the county level,which provides space for the rise of civil power.For a long time since the Han Dynasty,based on the social tradition of respecting the elderly,the patriarchal class played a leading role in the settlement.However,with the establishment and improvement of the imperial examination system,the power space of the patriarchal class in the rural society was constantly squeezed and gradually replaced by the gentry group.The achievements of Gansu imperial examination families in local society in Qing Dynasty are mainly reflected in participating in local education,compiling local chronicles and maintaining local stability.