文学与图像:晚明江南名士李流芳画跋综论

Literature and Image: A Study on the Painting Postscripts of Li Liufang, a Famous Jiangnan Scholar in the Late Ming Dynasty

在题跋的文体价值得以阐扬,诗文书画形成合流的晚明社会,江南名士李流芳水准甚高的画跋创作无疑具有范型意义。画意摹写是李流芳画跋的首要特色。他不仅以彰显、发明画中的固有意蕴为能事,更以文字为画面之补益,善写画外之音。画理阐析为李流芳画跋的另一特色。他深解绘事,故常借画跋以申说对于画理的体悟与见地,包括关于绘画核心价值追求的认知,绘画功能的言说,以及围绕学古与自创、绘画与诗歌、绘画与读书三对关系的解析。本事记录亦为李流芳画跋的鲜明特色。所记诸本事中,有许多关乎画家、求画者及藏画人之间的画缘轶事,揭示出中国传统绘画在画家与鉴藏者的互动中,在诗文书画合璧的文化格局中,有序传承,流披后世的基本样貌和内生动力。在李流芳的画、跋当中,还存在着题跋文字与画作时空交叠这一近世文人画的互文性特征,此项连同李流芳画跋的以上三大特色,集中反映出晚明文人兼具诗文作家、书画家等多重文化身份,以及书写文化与视觉文化在近世社会,特别是在当时的江南地域和文人阶层中不断互渗汇流的时代动向。

In the late Ming society when the stylistic value of the postscripts was elucidated and poetry,article,calligraphy and painting formed a confluence,the high-quality painting postscripts created by Li Liufang,a celebrity in Jiangnan,undoubtedly had paradigm significance.The depiction of painting is the primary feature of Li Liufang's postscripts.He is not only capable of highlighting and interpreting the inherent meaning in the paintings,but also using words as the supplement to the paintings,which helps explore the extra meaning of them.Li Liufang has a deep understanding of painting,so he often uses painting postscripts to explain his understanding and insights on painting theories,including the cognition of the core value of painting,the statement of painting functions,and the analysis of the three pairs of relationships between learning ancient and creating,painting and poetry,painting and reading.Recording stories is also a distinctive feature of Li Liufang's postscripts.Among the recorded stories,there are many anecdotes about the relationship between painters,painting seekers and painting collectors,revealing the basic appearance and endogenous power of the traditional Chinese painting’s orderly inheritance in the interaction between painters and appraisers and collectors,and in the cultural pattern of combining poetry,article,calligraphy and painting.In Li Liufang's paintings and postscripts,there exists the intertextuality—the postscript overlap with the painting in time and space—of early modern literati paintings.This feature,together with the three mentioned characteristics of Li Liufang’s painting postscripts,collectively reflects:the multiple cultural identities(poet,writer,calligrapher and painter)of literati in the late Ming Dynasty;the trend of the penetration and fusion between writing culture and visual culture in early modern society,especially in Jiangnan area and the literati class.