美国移民政策争论的思考及全球移民治理路径展望

Thinking the Debate of America’s Immigration Policy and the Prospect of Global Immigration Governance

随着全球化的不断深入,移民的跨国流动日益频繁,移民治理成为国际政治和各国国内政治的重要议题。2020年美国大选期间,移民政策再次成为共和党和民主党的争论焦点之一,两党移民政策主张背后是“保护美国利益”与“捍卫美国价值”的观点对峙。事实上,移民问题之所以成为美国当前政治与社会生活的焦点问题,有着特殊的历史与现实原因,但究其根源还是深植于移民问题内部的矛盾性与张力在全球化时代不断被放大,对民族国家带来严峻挑战。移民问题的复杂性决定了全球移民治理的艰辛,国际社会必须加强合作,通过转变治理观念、打造移民治理共同体、完善全球移民治理机制、发挥国际组织作用等途径,探索全球移民治理的善治之路。

With the deepening of globalization,the transnational flow of immigrants is becoming more and more frequent.Immigration governance has become an important topic in both international and domestic politics.During the U.S.presidential election in 2020,immigration policy has once again become the focus of debate between the Republican Party and the Democratic Party.Behind the propositions of each party on immigration policy is the confrontation between the viewpoints of“protecting American interests”and“defending American values”.In fact,there are historical and practical reasons why the immigration issue has become the focus of current political and social life in the United States,but the root cause is that the contradictions and tensions deeply rooted in the immigration issue have been continuously amplified in the era of globalization,posing a severe challenge to the nation state.The complexity of immigration issues means that the path to global migration governance will not be an easy one.The international community must strengthen cooperation to explore the paths of good global governance of migration by changing the concept,building an immigration governance community,improving the global immigration governance mechanism,and giving bigger role to international organizations.