“石北方”为“使鬼方”的考古学观察--“边地半月形文化传播带”历史与文化研究之二

An Archaeological Research on the Issue that the‘Shi Bei Fang’Should be‘Shi Gui Fang’:Second Study of the History and Culture of the‘Arc-shaped Cultural Transmission Zone in the Periphery

《史记·秦本纪》记载"蜚廉为纣石北方",是秦族早期历史的重要文献,蕴含丰富历史信息,但是历来没有通彻的阐释。本文结合考古和文献资料,揆诸商周之际的历史形势和山川地理形势,认为"石北方"应是"使鬼方",商周鼎革之际蜚廉因善走和保西垂的经历出使鬼方,目的可能是联络鬼方从背后牵制周人。

The Annals of Qin in the Shiji Records of the Grand Historian mentioned that Feilian went to the north as an envoy of the Shang King Zhou.This is an important piece of historic documents on the early history of the Qin people.The rich historic information contained in this record has,however,rarely been thoroughly interpreted.After combining archaeological discoveries and historic evidence and analysing the historic background and geography of mountains and rivers of the region,this research suggests that the‘shi bei fang’phrase should be‘shi gui fang’.It refers to the historical fact Feilian visited the Guifang state because of his experience in guarding the western territory of the Shang State during the transitional period between Shang and Zhou.Its purpose of visiting the Guifang state was to hold the Zhou people at bay from their back.