中美页岩气开采压裂返排液处置政策分析及启示

Analysis of Policy and Enlightenment on Treatment of Fracturing Fluid in Shale Gas Production Between China and the United States

页岩气压裂返排液因含化学添加剂、受地层水和岩屑影响而具有成分复杂、处理难的特点。通过比较中、美两国页岩气开发水环境保护和压裂返排液管理的相关政策及法律法规,认为中国在页岩气开发环境监管方面存在以下不足:页岩气开发环境监管统一协调机构尚未形成;页岩气开发相关环保法规和标准规范尚不完善;与页岩气开发水环境保护相关的基础科学研究薄弱。鉴于此,建议中国健全页岩气开采相关法规和标准体系,开展全过程的环境监管;加强基础科学研究,完善技术和管理体系。

Fracturing flowback fluid is complex in composition and difficult in treatment because it is rich in chemical additives and is affected by formation water and cuttings.Based on the comparison of relevant regulations on water environmental protection and fracturing flowback fluid treatment in shale gas development between China and the United States,we find out the following problems in the environmental supervision of shale gas development in China:the unified coordination organization for the environmental supervision of shale gas development has not yet been formed;the environmental regulations and standards related to shale gas development are not perfect;the basic scientific research is weak.Therefore,the countermeasures of shale gas fracturing fluid management in China are establishing on a sound regulatory system and carrying out the entire process environmental supervision,improving basic scientific research,and enhancing the technology and management system.