不同钾水平对花生光合特性及产量的影响

Effect of different potassium levels on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut

为明确辽宁地区高产花生推荐钾肥用量,本试验以农花9号为试材,采用大田随机区组试验,设四个钾肥梯度:0 kg·hm^(-2)(CK)、112.5 kg·hm^(-2)(T1)、225.0 kg·hm^(-2)(T2)和337.5 kg·hm^(-2)(T3),研究了不同钾水平对花生光合特性及产量的影响。2年试验结果表明,适量增施钾肥能有效增加叶面积指数,增强开花下针期和结荚期的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),降低胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci);增施钾肥还能提高光合作用的表观初始量子效率(T)、最大净光合速率(P_(max))和光饱和点(I_(sat)),降低光补偿点(L_(cp))和表观暗呼吸速率(R_(d));最终增加花生单株果数、单株果重、百果重、百仁重和产量,2年不同处理间,均以T2处理产量最高,分别比对照增产7.37%和12.54%,且显著高于其它各处理。因此,本地区花生大田生产的最佳推荐施钾量为225.0 kg·hm^(-2)。

This study was aimed to demonstrate effects of different level of potassium(K)on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut under the same level of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),in which Nonghua 9 was used as the test materials and field randomized block trial was conducted.There were four different levels of K:0 kg·hm^(-2)(CK),112.5 kg·hm^(-2)(T1),225.0 kg·hm^(-2)(T2)and 337.5 kg·hm^(-2)(T3).Two-year results showed that increased K had improved leaf area index(LAI),as well as,improved net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),and transpiration rate(Tr)at pegging stage and pod-setting stage observably,while the intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)was decreased.Also,the extra K had increased the maximum photosynthetic rate(P_(max)),light saturation point(I_(sat)),but had reduced the light compensation point(L_(cp))and dark respiration rate(R_(d))of the peanut.Rich K was beneficial to increase Pods per plant,Pod weight per plant,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight and yield of peanut finally.Between two years yield trials,T2 treatment was increased by 7.37%and 12.54%than CK and therefore outstanding from other treatments.Therefore,the best recommended amount of potassium application was 225.0 kg·hm^(-2) K_(2)SO_(4) for peanut field production in this area.