播期对花生农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

Effects of sowing dates on agronomic traits,yield,and quality of peanut

以普通花生品种(冀花9号、冀花10号、冀花12号)、高油酸花生品种(冀花11号、冀花13号、冀花16号)为材料,通过田间小区试验,设置7个播种时期(4/25、5/6、5/16、5/26、6/6、6/15、6/26),研究不同播期对花生生长发育、产量指标和品质的影响,以期确定花生最佳播种时期,为集成优质高效栽培技术奠定基础。结果表明,冀花10号、冀花12号、冀花13号、冀花16号的农艺性状表现为主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数多;而冀花9号和冀花11号则表现为主茎矮、侧枝短、分枝少。6个花生品种荚果平均产量为4716.22 kg/hm^(2),籽仁平均产量为3469.52 kg/hm^(2)。以籽仁产量最高的冀花12号(3541.99 kg/hm^(2))为对照,普通花生品种冀花9号、冀花10号减产0.35%~1.91%;高油酸花生品种冀花11号、冀花13号、冀花16号减产2.11%~5.54%。随播期的延后,各个播期的花生农艺性状及产量指标基本遵循5/6-5/16>4/25>5/26-6/26的变化趋势。5/6-5/16播期的平均荚果产量和籽仁产量分别5547.16 kg/hm^(2)、4204.24 kg/hm^(2),油酸/亚油酸比值平均12.90。4/25播种,荚果和籽仁减产约5.16%,油亚比为14.61;5/26日播种,荚果和籽仁减产约9.05%,油亚比降低35.56%。晚于5/26播种,主茎高变矮7.40%~22.89%、侧枝长变短7.07%~24.89%、单株分枝数减少3.74%~9.70%、单株结果数降低4.59%~21.78%、百果重减少6.59%~27.94%、百仁重减少10.35%~32.33%、荚果减产17.97%~45.78%、籽仁减产21.80%~52.50%、油亚比降低50.57%~73.30%。综合考虑农艺性状、产量指标及品质优劣,河北省中南部地区露地平播花生的最适播期为5/6至5/16之间,最晚不应晚于5/26。

In order to study the effects of sowing date and cultivars on agronomic traits,yield and quality of peanut,a field experiment was conducted with six peanut cultivars,containing three common cultivars Jihua9,Jihua10,and Jihua12,three high oleic acid cultivars Jihua11,Jihua13,and Jihua16.Seven sowing dates were set up:4/25,5/6,5/16,5/26,6/6,6/15 and 6/26.The results showed that Jihua10,Jihua12,Jihua13 and Jihua16 had higher main stem height,longer lateral branch and more branches,while Jihua9 and Jihua11 showed lower main stem height,shorter lateral branch length and fewer branches.The average pod yield and seed yield of 6 peanut varieties were 4716.22 kg/hm^(2),and 3469.52 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Jihua12 had the highest seeds yield of 3541.99 kg/hm^(2).Compared with Jihua12,the seeds yield of Jihua9 and Jihua10 decreased by 0.35%-1.91%,and Jihua11,Jihua13 and Jihua16 decreased by 2.11%-5.54%.As the sowing date was delayed,the agronomic traits and yield of peanuts basically followed by the change trend of 5/6 to 5/16>4/25>5/26 to 6/26.The pods yield and seeds yield for sowing data of 5/6-5/16 were 5547.16 kg/hm^(2) and 4204.24 kg/hm^(2),respectively,with the average oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio(O/L)of 12.90.The pod yield and seed yield for the sowing date of 4/25 sowing decreased by 5.16%with high O/L of 14.61.The pod and seed yield on 5/26 sowing decreased by 9.05%with O/L reduction of 35.56%.Later than sowing 5/26,main stem height decreased by 7.40%-22.89%,lateral branch length shortened by 7.07%-24.89%,branch number decreased by 3.74%-9.70%,pods per plant decreased by 4.59%-21.78%,100-pod weight decreased by 6.59%-27.94%,100-seed weight decreased by 10.35%-32.33%,pod yield decreased by 17.97%-45.78%,seeds yield decreased by 21.80%-52.50%,O/L decreased by 50.57%-73.30%.Taking agronomic traits,yield indicators and quality into consideration,the optimum sowing date of peanuts for regular cultivation style of open field should be between 5/6 and 5/16 in the central and southern Hebei Province.