用于酸性析氧反应研究的原位表征技术

In-situ/operando characterization techniques for oxygen evolution in acidic media

质子交换膜(PEM)水电解的阳极催化剂需要耐受强酸性环境以及析氧反应(OER)条件下的高氧化电位。为了加深对酸性介质中OER过程的理解以开发具有更好稳定性与更高活性的电催化剂,研究和发展原位表征技术显得尤为重要。该综述介绍了几种用于酸性OER研究的原位表征技术,包括:原位X射线光电子能谱技术、原位X射线吸收谱技术、原位X射线衍射/散射技术、原位电化学红外技术、原位电化学拉曼技术、原位电感耦合等离子体-质谱技术、微分电化学质谱/在线电化学质谱技术、电化学石英微晶天平技术。重点讨论了这些技术的原位装置设计以及它们在酸性OER研究领域的具体应用。最后总结了这些技术的特征,并指出用于酸性OER的原位表征技术的发展之有待解决的问题,即新技术的研发与原位技术间的联用、原位装置的改进及时空分辨率的提高。

The anode catalysts used in proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis must be resistant to the harsh oxidation environment that occurs during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).The investigation and application of in-situ/operando characterization techniques are critical for developing acidic OER catalysts with high stability and activity.Herein,several in-situ/operando characterization techniques for acidic OER research are introduced,including in-situ/operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,in-situ/operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy,in-situ/operando X-ray diffraction/scattering,in-situ/operando electrochemical infrared spectroscopy,in-situ/operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy,in-situ/operando inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,differential electrochemical mass spectrometry/on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry,in-situ/operando electro-chemical infrared spectroscopy,in-situ/operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy,in-situ/operando inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,differential electrochemical mass spectrometry/on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry,electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance.Special attention is paid to the device structure and application value of these in-situ/operando characterization techniques for OER in acidic media.Finally,the characteristics of these techniques are summarized,and the challenges for the development of in-situ characterization techniques,such as the development of new techniques and the combination of in-situ techniques,the improvement of in-situ devices,and space-time resolution,are highlighted.