愿意平和,孩子难救——由杂文、小说的对读探析鲁迅的家庭解放叙事

Willing to be Peaceful, the Child is Hard to Save——Analysis of Lu Xun’s Family Liberation Narrative Based on the Parallel Reading of His Essays and Novels

鲁迅的家庭解放叙事,有着文体的差异。他的杂文中所表达的家庭解放观念,与他小说中所描述的家庭伦理故事构成了互文关系。把他的小说和杂文进行对读,以杂文诠释小说,以小说反观杂文,有助于把握鲁迅在家庭解放问题上的思想结构和观念悖论。鲁迅在杂文中所透露的"愿意平和""随顺长者"的态度和依赖"亲权"解放子女的观念,决定了他的小说讲述家庭伦理故事的方式。他的杂文表达了"我们现在怎样做父亲"的观念,而小说构设的却是"我们现在怎样做儿子"的故事;他的相关杂文秉持进化论的立场,而相关小说则流露出怀疑论的心态,由此形成了鲁迅的两种家庭伦理构想。而其小说中"觉醒的人"由新返旧的伦理故事,证明了"随顺长者解放幼者"观念的虚妄。不同文体的对读,不失为拓展鲁迅创作"内部研究"的重要方式。

Lu Xun’s family liberation narrative has different styles. The concept of family liberation expressed in his essays forms an intertextual relationship with the family ethics stories in his novels. Reading his novels and essays in pairs, helps to grasp Lu Xun’s ideological structure and conceptual paradox on the issue of family liberation. The attitude of "willing to be peaceful" and "successful to the elderly" and the concept of relying on "parental authority" to liberate children revealed by Lu Xun in his essays determine the way his novels tell stories about family ethics. The parallel reading of different styles is still an important way to expand the "internal research" of Lu Xun’s creation.