跨座式单轨交通列车运行车外噪声试验与分析

External Noise Field Test and Analysis of the Running Train for Straddle-type Monorail Transit

跨座式单轨交通线路结构和运行环境条件的特殊性决定了其运行噪声是城市交通噪声的重要组成部分。掌握跨座式单轨交通运行噪声源的主要构成和辐射特性,是采取有效降噪措施提高其运行品质的前提和保证。以重庆跨座式单轨交通3号线为对象,对列车典型运行工况车外辐射噪声开展现场试验,运用时频小波变换技术和噪声能量贡献分析方法对所测噪声数据进行处理分析。结果表明:列车正常运行时的主要噪声源由胎轨噪声、电机噪声和弓网噪声等构成,其中胎轨噪声的能量贡献最大,具有辐射远、衰减慢的特性,而弓网噪声受线路弓网接触状态的影响较大;在进出站或能量制动有效作用行驶工况时,电机噪声的能量贡献最大;此外3种噪声源的大小均随列车运行速度的提高而增加。

The particularity of the straddle-type monorail transit line structure and operating environment conditions determines that its operating noise is an important part of urban traffic noise.Understanding the main components and radiation characteristics of straddletype monorail traffic noise sources is the premise and guarantee for the effective noise reduction measures to improve their operation quality.Taking the Chongqing straddle-type monorail transit line 3 as the example,the on-site test is carried out on the radiation noise of the typical operating conditions of the train.The time-frequency wavelet transform technique and the noise energy contribution analysis method are used to process and analyze the noise data.It shows that the main noise source of train running is composed of tire-track noise,motor noise and pantograph–catenary noise.In generally,the energy contribution of the tire-rail noise is the largest,however the energy contribution of the motor noise is the most when the motor electric brake is effective.These three noise sources increase with the running speed of the train,meanwhile,the tire-track noise has the characteristics of long radiation and slow attenuation,and the pantograph–catenary noise greatly affected by the pantograph–catenary contact state of the line.