高速动车组乘务员室内异常噪声试验与仿真研究

Experimental and Simulation Study on Abnormal Noise in the Attendant’s Room of High-speed Train

高铁列车车内噪声与乘客乘坐舒适度体验以及乘务人员的工作环境密切相关。某型号高速动车组在运行过程中出现乘务员室噪声异常,声音低沉,使人主观感知烦躁,耳膜压迫感严重,严重影响列车乘务人员的工作环境和身心健康。文中对乘务员室的异常噪声现象展开了试验研究,结果表明乘务员室内部噪声在40 Hz附近出现显著峰值。通过声品质分析,该频率特征导致粗糙度高,尖锐度低,引起乘务人员主观感知烦躁。对乘务员室周围壁面振动加速度进行试验测试,依据测试结果对振动激励下乘务员室内声场进行了声学有限元仿真计算。结果表明,乘务员室40 Hz附近异常低频噪声主要是由于前后端墙、门及顶板的结构振动所致。据此提出改善乘务员室异常噪声问题的有效途径为减低相应区域的结构振动。

The interior noise of high-speed train is closely related to the ride comfort for passengers and the working environment for attendants.During the operation of a certain type of high-speed EMU,the noise in the attendant’s room was found to be abnormally low.This situation made people feel fidgety and serious compression of the eardrum,which affected the working conditions and the physical and mental health of the train attendants.The abnormal noise in the attendant’s room was experimentally studied in this paper,and the results showed that there’s a significant peak near 40 Hz of the noise.And this frequency characteristic was found to make high roughness and low sharpness of the noise through sound quality analysis,which made the attendants feel fidgety.The accelerations of the walls vibration around the attendant’s room were tested.Based on the test results,the acoustic finite element simulation of the sound field in the cabin was carried out.The results showed that the abnormal low frequency noise near 40 Hz was mainly caused by the structural vibration of front and rear end walls,door and roof.Accordingly,an effective way to improve the sound quality of the noise in the attendant’s room is to reduce the structural vibration of the related areas.