高速列车制动系统故障识别与诊断维护

Fault Identification Diagnosis and Maintenance for High-speed Train Braking System

针对高速列车制动系统故障预警与定位的问题,提出了一种制动系统"三层"故障诊断框架。首先,运用"黑盒"理论将制动系统隔离,提出了制动系统服役性能演化评价的"三特征"分析方法,建立了系统级的故障预警模型。其次,构建了制动系统故障状态矩阵空间,实现了故障索引与被测信号间的映射关系,完成了制动系统的故障表征。针对制动系统故障识别中的可观测性与可分辨性,进一步提出了基于符号有向图(Signed Directed Graph,SDG)方法的故障监测传感器配置与优化方法,建立了子系统级的故障定位模型。最后,为了进一步了解故障原因、部位和剩余使用寿命,基于加速退化/寿命试验方法建立部件级的故障诊断及预测模型。具体介绍了3个层次的研究方法和应用实例,验证了方法的可行性,为高速列车制动系统故障诊断与维护提供了思路。文中所提方法也可适用于其他轨道交通诊断与维护。

Aiming at the problem of fault warning and location of high-speed train braking system,a"three-layer"fault diagnosis framework for braking system is proposed.Firstly,the"black box"theory is used to isolate the braking system,the"three characteristics"analysis method for the evaluation of the service performance of the braking system is proposed,and the system-level fault warning model is established.Secondly,the fault state matrix space of the braking system is constructed,the mapping relationship between the fault index and the measured signal is realized,and the fault characterization of the braking system is completed.Aiming at the observability and resolvability in the fault identification of braking system,the configuration and optimization method of fault monitoring sensor based on SDG method is proposed,and the subsystem-level fault location model is established.Finally,in order to further understand the cause,location and remaining useful life of the fault,the component-level fault diagnosis and prediction model is established based on the accelerated degradation/life test method.The research methods and application examples of three levels are introduced,and the feasibility of the method is verified,which provides an idea for fault diagnosis and maintenance of high-speed train braking system.The method proposed in this paper can also be applied to other rail transit diagnosis and maintenance.