数字基础设施对就业变动的影响——来自制造业的证据

The Effect of Digital Infrastructure on Employment: Evidence from Manufacturing Industry

当前数字化浪潮方兴未艾,数字经济的快速发展需要高质量推进数字基础设施建设。通过构建指标体系测算了城市数字基础设施发展水平,并基于企业数据检验其对制造业就业变动的影响。研究发现:数字基础设施改善总体上能够显著提高就业创造率,并降低就业破坏率,耦合作用下对净就业增长率产生积极效应,即表现出“创造”效应;分样本结果显示,数字基础设施对中部地区、三线及以下城市、内销型制造业企业的就业创造效应最为明显;数字基础设施主要通过市场进出提升就业创造率,并通过企业调整和市场进出降低就业破坏率。基于主要结论,提出了相应的政策建议。

The rapid development of digital economy needs to promote the digital infrastructure.After estimating the index of cities’digital infrastructure,this paper tests the impact of digital infrastructure on the employment based on the data of enterprises.This paper finds that the digital infrastructure can significantly increase the employment creation rate and reduce the employment destruction rate,which has a positive effect on the net employment growth rate.The results based on the sub samples show that the employment creation effects are obvious in the central region,the third-tier cities and below,and non-export enterprises.Further discussion shows that the digital infrastructure improves the employment creation rate mainly by the market access,and reduces the employment destruction rate by the adjustment of enterprises and market access.Based on the main conclusions,this paper puts forward the corresponding policies.