希腊民族历史书写视域下的拜占庭研究(1821—1930年)

National Historiography and Byzantine Studies in Greece (1821-1930)

近现代希腊拜占庭研究的孕育、兴起和发展,见证了希腊自1821年独立以来民族历史书写范式的探索和逐渐走向成熟的过程。19世纪上半叶,新兴的希腊国家为了构建民族认同,采用"复兴"古希腊的民族历史书写范式,丑化拜占庭帝国形象,这一范式虽然孕育了希腊拜占庭研究的萌芽,但叙事逻辑存在自相矛盾之处,并未得到大众的接纳。19世纪下半叶,拜占庭研究的兴起,解决了"复兴"范式下希腊历史书写的断裂问题,拜占庭时期成为希腊民族历史的中古阶段,由此确立了"延续"的历史书写范式。20世纪前30年,希腊学者对拜占庭时期进行更为深入的研究,以完善民族历史的书写,塑造源于中古的民族自豪感,实现了民族历史书写和拜占庭研究共同繁盛的局面。

The origin,rise,and development of modern Greek Byzantine studies have witnessed the early development and gradual maturity of the paradigms of the Greek national historiography since Greece became independent in 1821. In the first half of the nineteenth century,historians in this new-born nation adopted a historiographical paradigm to "revive"ancient Greece in order to construct a national identity,which in turn vilified the image of the Byzantine Empire. Yet because of its self-contradictory nature in the narrative logic,this new paradigm of history was not embraced by the public. In the second half of the nineteenth century,the rise of Byzantine studies was a response to the problem of the historical rupture under the "revival"paradigm,and the Byzantine period became the Medieval stage for Greek national history,thus establishing the "continuity"of Greek historiography. During the first three decades of the twentieth century,Greek scholars furthered the studies of the Byzantine Empire,so as to perfect the writing of national history and shape the sense of national pride originated from the Middle Ages. By doing so,they realized the common prosperity of both national historiography and Byzantine studies.