脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的地域评价及模式探究——以陕西省为例

Regional Evaluation and Mode of Effective Linkage Between Rural Revitalization and Poverty Alleviation:A Case Study of Shaanxi Province

实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接是未来农村贫困化地区的重点工作,有效识别贫困地区两大政策的衔接程度,有利于衔接工作的顺利推进,破解农村发展不均衡不充分问题.以陕西省为研究案例,运用县域尺度贫困数据和经济发展数据,基于"分类、耦合"的思想对陕西省贫困化地区的贫困类型、振兴基础进行聚类评价,然后对两大战略衔接的难度特征、薄弱地区进行识别,并尝试提出实现有效衔接的地域模式建议.结果显示:1)陕西省农村贫困化地区可划分为集中连片特困山区、一般贫困山区、一般贫困塬区、轻度贫困地区和无贫困地区5种地域类型,按照乡村振兴发展潜力可划分为综合发展型、基础良好型、工强农弱型、农强工弱型、整体薄弱型5种类型;2)贫困化地区脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的基础较好,具体可分为轻贫高潜型、中贫中潜型、深贫低潜型等9种县域类型,同时衔接难度存在两极分化现象;3)实现脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的模式有市区功能疏散承接、城郊现代农业发展、人居环境改善治理等8种模式.

It is the key work of rural poverty-stricken areas in the future to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and to effectively link up with rural revitalization.Effectively identifying the degree and difficulty of the convergence of the two policies in poor areas is conducive to the smooth progress of the convergence work and solving the problem of uneven rural development.Using county poverty data and economic development data,based on the idea of"classification and coupling",cluster evaluation of poverty types and revitalization basis in poverty-stricken areas of Shaanxi province is made.Then the difficulty characteristics and weak areas of the two strategic links are identified at county scale.Regional mode suggestions of effective convergence is put forward.The results show that:1)The poverty-stricken areas in the rural areas of Shaanxi province can be divided into five types:the mountainous areas with special hardship,the mountainous areas with general poverty,the plateau areas with general poverty,the areas with mild poverty and the areas without poverty.According to the potential of rural revitalization and development,it can be divided into five types:comprehensive development type,good foundation type,strong industry and weak agriculture type,strong agriculture and weak industry type and overall weak type.2)The basis of effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in poverty-stricken areas is good,it can be divided into 9 county types,such as light-poverty and high-potential type,middle-poverty and middle-potential type,deep-poverty and low-potential type,and there is polarization phenomenon in connection difficulty.3)To achieve the effective link between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,there are 8 modes,such as urban functional evacuation,suburban modern agricultural development,living environment improvement,and so on.