5H理论视角下我国精英撑竿跳高运动员成绩构成分量及失败跳次原因分析——以2020年全国田径锦标赛为例

Analysis on the Component of Achievement and Failure Reasons of Chinese Elite Pole Vault Athletes from the Perspective of 5H Theory--Take the 2020 National Athletics Championships as an Example

该文以5H理论视角,运用对比分析、运动生物力学摄影法等方法,系统揭示了我国精英撑竿跳高运动员各成绩构成分量特征以及与国外高水平运动员在各分量上的差距,并剖析我国运动员失败的原因。研究结果如下:(1)在H1、H2、H3占重心最高点的比值上,我国精英撑竿跳高运动员与国外高水平运动员一样,均为H1>H2>H3,其中H1占比远大于“H2+H3”,在腾跃高度“H2+H3”上,H3占比甚微;(2)我国精英男子运动员与国外高水平运动员在成绩构成分量上的差距主要体现在H2、H3上,女子运动员差距主要体现在H1、H2上,在H4、H5分量上,我国精英男、女子运动员均大于国外高水平运动员,说明我国精英运动员的过杆效率低于国外高水平运动员;(3)我国精英男子运动员试跳失败的主要原因为过杆技术不佳或预设架距不合理,李玲试跳失败的主要原因为推竿瞬间身体重心的高度比横杆高度低,陈巧铃试跳失败的主要原因为重心利用率较低。

In this paper,from the perspective of 5H theory,using the methods of comparative analysis and sports biomechanics photography,the author systematically revealing the component characteristics of the achievements of the Chinese elite pole vault athletes and the differences between them and the foreign high-level athletes in each component,and analyze the reasons for the failure of the trial jump.The results are as follows:(1)In terms of the ratio of H1,H2 and H3 to the highest point of the center of gravity,both Chinese elite pole vault athletes and foreign high-level athletes are H1>H2>H3,and the ratio of H1 is much greater than the sum of H2+H3.In the jump height H2+H3,H3 takes up little proportion;(2)The differencebetween Chinese elite male athletes and foreign high-level athletes is mainly reflected in H2 and H3,while the difference between female athletes is mainly reflected in H1 and H2.In terms of H4 and H5,both Chinese elite male and female athletes are higher than foreign high-level athletes,indicating that crossing efficiency of Chinese elite athletes is lower than that of foreign high-level athletes;(3)The main reasons for the failure of the trial jump of the Chinese elite male athletes are the poor rail crossing technique or the unreasonable preset frame distance.The main reason for the failure of Li ling is that the height of the center of gravity is lower than the height of the rail at the moment of pushing the pole,while the main reason for the failure of Chen Qiaoling is the low utilization rate of the center of gravity.