八十多年来(1935-2020)郴州地区汉语方言研究述评

A Review of the Research on Chinese Dialects in Chenzhou Area in Past 80 Years(1935-2020)

郴州地区的汉语方言研究肇始于二十世纪三十年代,主要涉及到湘南土话、赣方言、客家话、西南官话等方面的研究。其中,湘南土话的研究深度和广度尤为突出:语音方面探讨了语音系统、语音演变及其历史层次,词汇方面主要考证了语汇丛林中的底层词,语法方面则重点探讨了构词法、句法、虚词等;赣方言研究包括对资兴方言、永兴方言、安仁方言等的研究,其中以安仁方言的研究成果最为丰富;客家方言研究主要通过分析其音韵特点探讨了桂东、汝城方言的归属问题;西南官话研究引入实验语音学是其一大亮点。在今后的研究中,研究者应综合运用历史语言学和社会语言学等理论方法,全方位地比较分析多点方言,探究郴州地区汉语方言的底层来源及其演变轨迹。

The study of Chinese dialects in Chenzhou area began in the 1930s,mainly involving the study of southern Hunan dialect,Gan dialect,Hakka dialect,southwest mandarin and so on.Among them,the research depth and breadth of Xiangnan dialect are partic⁃ularly prominent:in phonetics,it discusses the phonetic system,phonetic evolution and its historical level,in vocabulary,it mainly stud⁃ies the bottom words in the vocabulary jungle,and in grammar,it focuses on word formation,syntax,function words and so on;The study of Gan dialect includes the study of Zixing dialect,Yongxing dialect and Anren dialect,among which Anren dialect has the most abun⁃dant research results;The study of Hakka dialect mainly discusses the attribution of Guidong and Rucheng dialects by analyzing their phonological characteristics;One of its highlights is the introduction of experimental phonetics into the study of Southwest Mandarin.In the future research,researchers should comprehensively use the theoretical methods of historical linguistics and sociolinguistics,com⁃prehensively compare and analyze multi-point dialects,and explore the underlying sources and evolution of Chinese dialects in Chen⁃zhou area.