豫西丘陵山区烟叶采烤一体化研究

Harvesting-Curing Integration of Tobacco Leaves in Hilly Mountainous Areas of Western Henan Province

为进一步提升烟叶采烤质量,降低烟农用工成本,2018—2020年在三门峡市陕州区开展了烟叶采烤一体化试验实施。结果表明,互助型和"1248"专业化型2种采烤一体化模式与烟农自烤模式(CK)相比,表现为"两降两升",即用工量、烘烤成本降低,采分合格率和烤后烟叶经济性状显著提升;与CK相比,互助型、"1248"专业化型处理的总用工量分别减少2和5个/炕;烘烤总成本方面,分别降低了0.67和1.56元/kg;鲜烟分类合格率方面,三者之间差异显著;与CK相比,互助型、"1248"专业化型处理均价分别提高了0.77和2.22元/kg,且"1248"专业化型处理与CK之间差异显著;互助型模式适合户均规模在0.67~2.00 hm^(2)的烟农,"1248"专业化型采烤模式具有组织化、流程化、标准化和精准化的特点,适合户均规模3.33 hm^(2)以上的烟农;2种采烤一体化模式均实现了"提质增效、减工降本"的预期目标。

In order to further improve the harvesting-curing quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf, to reduce the labor cost of tobacco grower, the experiment of integrated tobacco leaf harvesting-curing was carried out in Shanzhou District of Sanmenxia in 2018-2020. The results indicated that compared with traditional curing type(CK), mutual aid type(T1 treatment), "1248" specialized type(T2 treatment) showed reduction in the amount of labor consumed and total cost, but significant improvement in picking-curing qualified rate and economic character. Compared with CK, total labor amount of T1 and T2 treatments reduced by 2 and 5 labors per Kang, respectively. In terms of the total cost, T1 and T2 treatments reduced by 0.67 and 1.56 yuan/kg, respectively. In terms of classing qualified rate, the three treatments showed significant differences. Compared with CK, average price of T1 and T2 treatments improved by 0.77 and 2.22 yuan/kg, respectively, and there was significant difference between T2 and CK. Mutual aid type was suitable for average household size of tobacco grower who was 0.67-2.00 hm^(2). And "1248" specialized type showed the characteristics of organization, process, standardization and precision, so it was suitable for average household size of tobacco grower who was over 3.33 hm^(2). The two integrated tobacco leaf harvesting-curing modes all realized the expected goals of "improving quality and benefit, reducing labor and cost".