麻文化发展与高值利用前景展望

Development of Bast Fiber Crops and Prospect of their High Value Utilization

中国麻类植物历史悠久,从远古时期葛麻、大麻、苎麻文化等的开始,到20世纪初纤维用亚麻的引入。中国的麻类植物曾是重要的经济作物,对人们的日常生活和社会文化的发展产生过重要影响。但是近年来,麻类生产总体呈下降趋势,这与麻类纤维用途单一有关。而事实上,麻类在高值利用方面有着巨大的潜力,其高值利用主要包括制备高端纺织产品、制备优质蛋白饲料、合成用于绝热保温、电池、环保等行业的高性能工业材料、制备不同药理活性的药品(如苎麻中的绿原素、药用大麻中的大麻素以及剑麻中的剑麻皂素)、治理环境污染(如修复土壤)等。为进一步提高麻的高值利用,需着力开发绿色的麻改性和麻脱胶等处理技术。

Bast fiber crop has a long history in China 10,000 years ago,started with the culture of pueraria,cannabis and ramie,to the introduction of fiber flax at the beginning of 20th century,bast fiber crops in China were important cash crops,which had key influence on people’s daily life and the development of social culture.However,in recent years,the overall production situation of them has shown a downward trend,which is related to the single use of fibrilia.In fact,fibrilia has great potential in high-value utilization,which mainly includes high-end textile products,high-quality protein feed,synthesis of high-performance industrial materials(such as insulation,batteries and environmental protection),different pharmacological activities of drugs(such as chlorogen in castor,medicinal cannabinoids and sisal saponin),control of environmental pollution(such as soil repair)and so on.In order to further improve the high-value utilization of fibrilia,efforts need to be made to develop technologies for green modification and green degumming of bast fiber crops.