揭露与隐藏:蒙田随笔自我言说的修辞策略分析

Revealing and Concealing: Rhetorical Analysis of Montaigne’s Essays on Self-speaking

西方随笔作为一种文类形式肇始于蒙田。蒙田随笔作为散文体式的分支,不但有着散文自我表现的特点,而且在修辞策略上呈现出其独特性:既"自我揭露",又"自我隐藏"。"自我揭露"主要通过对无序的思维和直接的身体感知经验描写来表现;"自我隐藏"则表现为叙述中时间序列"我在"的缺席和不规则、分散、间接地自我描写。这种独特的言说方式为其随笔带来既熟悉又疏离的修辞接受。究其原因,与蒙田的历史观和怀疑思想有关。

The existence of Western essays as a genre originates from Montaigne. Montaigne’s essays, as one of the prose styles, not only have the characteristics of self-expression in prose, but also show their uniqueness in rhetorical strategies: both "self-revealing" and "self-hiding". "Self-revealing" is mainly manifested through the description of disordered thinking and direct physical perception experience;"self-concealment" is manifested as the absence of "I am" in the narrative time series and irregular, scattered, and indirect self-description. This unique way of speaking brings familiar and alien rhetorical acceptance to his essays. The reason is related to Montaigne’s view of history and skepticism.