葛兰西“文化领导权”理论中的制度性思考

Institutional Thinking in Gramsci’s Theory of “Hegemony”

葛兰西的“文化领导权”中蕴含着制度性思考。葛兰西认为,市民社会不同于国家政权,具有非暴力-精神文化性,其内在的组织结构和功能方式是文化领导权的制度性基础。知识分子,尤其是所谓有机知识分子是文化领导权的主体,不同层次的知识分子在国家和市民社会中以类似于公务员的角色,发挥制度性的意识形态功能。政党本质上是意识形态的制度形态,是知识分子的组织形式,是实现文化领导权的制度组织。文化领导权通过以学校为核心的教育系统得以实现其意识形态目标。教育不仅仅是学校教育,文化领导权的每一种关系都是教育关系。现代国家职能最终转变为意识形态教化职能,成为意识形态制度的构成要素。文化领导权或意识形态实践在现代社会中,最终成为以整个国家制度为依托的全方位教化制度体系。

Gramsci’s theory of“hegemony”contains the institutional thinking.In Gramsci’s view,civil society is different from the state power,it is non-violent and spiritual,and its internal organizational structure and functional mode are the institutional foundation of hegemony.Intellectuals,organic intellectuals in particular,are the main part of the hegemony;different classes of the intellectuals in the state and civil society are similar to“civil servants”,playing the ideological function of the system.In essence,political party is the system form of ideology,the organization form of intellectuals,and an institutional organization to achieve the hegemony.Hegemony is fulfilled through the school-centered teaching system.Education is not only the schooling.Actually,all kind of education relationship is hegemony.The function of modern state is eventually transformed into the function of ideological education,which becomes the constituent element of the ideological system.In modern society,the practice of ideology and hegemony has finally become an all-round system of education based on the whole state system.