周亮工与清初南京文化——以陈开虞本《江宁府志》的纂修为例

Zhou Lianggong and Nanjing Culture in the Early Qing:Taking Chen Kaiyu’s Compilation of Jiangning Fuzhi as An Example

周亮工在明末即与南京地方文人交往频繁,鼎革后仕清,至康熙初年,已经拥有不凡的政绩和社会地位。在清初文化重建中,他运用个人的交游网络,联系遗民张怡与高岑,使他们参与到康熙初年官方工程《江宁府志》的纂修中,促进了这部地方志的顺利出版。通过对《江宁府志》的研究,我们可以看到,"贰臣"周亮工结合起了由明入清的地方文人与新的政权,缓和了南京紧张的文化氛围,使遗民与官方的合作成为可能,二者共同塑造了清初南京的城市文化。在明清之际,面对朝代的更迭和由此带来的诸多矛盾,以周亮工为代表的"貳臣",扮演了协调冲突的中间力量的角色,成为新王朝建立统治的一个重要环节。

Zhou Lianggong had a close relationship with Nanjing literati from the late Ming Dynasties.He became a renegade official after entering the Qing Dynasty.In the early reign of Emperor Kangxi,he already had extraordinary political achievements and social status.In the cultural reconstruction in the early Qing,Zhou Lianggong used his personal relationship to make Zhang Yi and Gao Cen join the governmental project to compile Jiangning Fuzhi.The latter two had good reputations as adherents of the former dynasty,and promoted the publication of this gazetter.From the case of Jiangning Fuzhi,we can see that the renegade official Zhou Lianggong connected the new regime with the local literati who entered the Qing Dynasty from the Ming Dynasty.He moderated the tense cultural atmosphere in Nanjing and made it possible for adherents to cooperate with the new government.Together,the adherents of the former dynasty and new government built the city culture of Nanjing in the early Qing.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,in front of the change of dynasties,the renegade officials,such as Zhou Lianggong,took the role to ease the contradictions and became an important part in the formation of new governance.