2004—2019年河北省流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Hebei from 2004 to 2019

目的分析2004—2019年河北省流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行病学特征,为制定进一步的防控流腮策略与措施提供依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对国家传染病报告信息管理系统报告的2004—2019年河北省流腮疫情进行分析。结果 2004—2019年河北省流腮平均发病率为17.65/10万,已有的两个发病高峰相隔4年。季节分布显示为双峰波动,分别为3—7月和11月—来年1月。发病率高流行地区为承德和廊坊,而病例主要分布在保定、石家庄、邯郸、沧州和唐山5个市。男性发病率远高于女性,小于15岁儿童病例数平均占病例总数的82.42%,其中4~9岁病例更为集中,占小于15岁儿童病例总数的59.12%。突发公共卫生事件的发生场所主要集中在小学,占事件总数的73.08%,而农村小学又是主要发生地,占小学的50.00%。结论在当前免疫策略下,河北省流腮疫情的总体特征没有明显的变化,疫情控制效果不明显,建议开展流腮专病监测,在4~6岁提供第2剂次麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles, mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine, MMR)接种,即学龄前完成。

Objective Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Hebei Province from 2004 to 2019,and to provide a basis for the development of the further strategies and measures to prevent and control mumps.Methods To analyze the data of mumps which reported by "National Notifiable Disease Reporting System" in Hebei Province from 2004 to 2019,using descriptive epidemiology methods.Results The average in incidence of mumps in Hebei Province was 17.65/100 000 from 2004 to 2019,with the two existing incidence peaks 4 years apart.The sensonal distribution showed a bimodal fluctuation, from March to July and November to January of next year.The epidemic areas with high incidence were Chengde and Langfang, while cases were mainly distributed in five cities of Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Cangzhou and Tangshan.The incidence of males was higher than that of femals, with children younger than 15 years accounting for an average of 82.42% of the total number of cases, and the proportion of 4-9 years old cases was 59.12% in the cases aged 0-14 years old.The sites of public health emergencies were mainly concentrated in primary schools which accounting for 73.08% of total number of incidents, while rural primary school were the main sites of occurrence, accounting for 50.00% of primary schools.Conclusion Under the current immunization strategy, there was no significant change in the overall epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Hebei Province, and the epidemic control effect is not obvious.Suggesting that the mumps special reporting system can be established;the second dose of MMR(measles, mumos and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine) vaccine should be injected to 4-6 aged children before entering primary school.