承德市2014—2018年急性乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis B in Chengde City from 2014 to 2018

目的分析承德市2014—2018年急性乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)流行病学特征,为制定乙肝防控措施提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统收集承德市2014—2018年急性乙肝病例报告数据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析急性乙肝的流行情况和分布特征。结果承德市2014—2018年共报告急性乙肝病例1 203例,年均报告发病率为6.78/10万,急性乙肝报告发病率从2015年的14.69/10万降至2018年的1.69/10万,整体呈现降低的趋势(χ^(2)=71.43,P<0.01)。全年每月均有乙肝病例报告,没有明显的季节特征;报告发病率最高的是平泉市(40.15/10万);发病以成年人为主,主要集中在30~69岁组(906例),占病例总数的75.31%;发病率最高的是60~岁组(12.28/10万),15岁以下儿童发病率最低(0.12/10万);男性发病率(7.60/10万)高于女性发病率(5.90/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.28,P<0.01);报告病例的职业分布以农民为主,占79.38%。结论承德市急性乙肝报告发病率呈下降趋势,15岁以下儿童保持较低水平,但成年人发病率居高不下,职业以农民为主,疾病负担严重。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis B(hepatitis B) in Chengde City from 2014 to 2018 and to provide a scientific reference for formulating preventive and control measures of hepatitis B.Methods Date on reported cases of acute hepatitis B in Chengde City from 2014 to 2018 were collected through the China Disease Prevention System, and conducted a descriptive analysis for the disease situation including epidemic situation distributions.Results Totally 1 203 acute hepatitis B cases were reported in Chengde City from 2014 to 2018,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 6.78/100 000.The reported incidence(per 100 000 population) rate of acute hepatitis B decreased from 14.69/100 000 in 2015 to 1.69/100 000 in 2018,which showed a declining trend(χ^(2)=71.43,P<0.01).Cases of acute hepatitis B were reported every month throughout the year, with no obvious seasonal characteristics.The highest incidence rate was reported in Pingquan(40.15/100 000).The incidence was predominantly in adults, mainly in the 30-69 years old group(906 cases),accounting for 75.31% of the total number of cases, with the highest incidence was in the 60 years old group(12.28/100 000),and the lowest in children was under 15(0.12/100 000).The incidence was higher in males(7.60/100 000) than in females(5.90/100 000),with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=11.28,P<0.01).The farmers accounted for 79.38% of all cases.Conclusion The reported incidence of acute hepatitis B in Chengde is on a downward trend, with children under 15 years of age remaining at a low level, but the incidence among adults remains high, with a serious disease burden due to the predominant occupation of farmers.