海南州生态工程实施前后草地生态足迹变化及产业发展建议

CHANGES OF GRASSLAND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT AND SUGGESTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING IN HAINAN DISTRICT

采用生态足迹方法研究计算了海南州及各县域生态工程实施前后草地生态足迹的变化,并且对比了生态工程实施前后3种土地类型的生态赤字/盈余情况。结果显示,生态工程实施前后,海南州及各县总的生态承载力基本呈现上升的趋势。从2005年的178.69×10^(4)hm^(2)上升到了2017年的260.05×10^(4)hm^(2)。分县域来看,共和县、同德县、贵德县以及贵南县的总生态承载力在生态工程实施过程中均呈现不同程度的增加,其中共和县增加最高,达到90.79×10^(4)hm^(2)。基于海南州脆弱生态系统,建议通过加强草地资源保护,促进畜牧业协调发展,建立健全项目后续管理机制,建设高原生态畜牧业发展示范州等措施来保护草原生态环境、降低牧户对区域生态系统的压力,同时发展后续产业。

The ecological footprint method was used to study and calculate the changes of grassland ecological footprint before and after the implementation of ecological projects in Hainan and other counties,and the ecological deficit/surplus of three land types before and after the implementation of ecological projects were compared.The results show that before and after the implementation of the ecological project,the total ecological carrying capacity of Hainan prefecture and counties basically presents an upward trend.From 1786900 hm^(2)in 2005 to 2600500 hm^(2)in 2017.In terms of counties,the total ecological carrying capacity of Gonghe County,Tongde County,guide county and Xinghai County increased in varying degrees during the implementation of ecological projects,and Gonghe County increased the most,reaching 907900 hm^(2).Based on the fragile ecosystem of Hainan,it is suggested to strengthen the protection of grassland resources,promote the coordinated development of animal husbandry,establish and improve the follow-up management mechanism of the project,and build the plateau ecological animal husbandry development demonstration state to protect the grassland ecological environment,reduce the pressure of herdsmen on the regional ecosystem,and develop the follow-up industry.