分词主导性结构及其句法功能分析

A Syntactic Analysis of Dominant Participle Constructions

分词主导性结构是一种普遍存在于多种印欧语言中的形义错配现象,它很早便引起了学界注意,但长期以来,对它的研究一直被语种和学派所割裂。本文回顾了分词主导性结构的研究历史,并按学派梳理了相关的研究成果及存在的问题。在此基础上,本文首先采用代词替代、语序变换、语态变换等检验方式,证明了分词主导性结构不是小小句,而是一种名词短语;然后从分词主导性结构的"歧义"现象入手,证明了该结构是一种语用驱动的对名词短语的离心解读,并总结了这种解读的一般模式和跨语言差异。

Dominant participle constructions have long been known to linguists as a phenomenon of form-meaning mismatch widely existent in Indo-European languages.Their studies,however,have been isolated among works of different schools and on different languages.This paper provides,for the first time,a complete review of these studies as well as their contributions and problems,on the basis of which a new account is given that sees the dominant participle construction not as a small clause,but as a noun phrase with a context-dependent exocentric reading,and a model of pragmatic processing is proposed for the reading,with its crosslinguistic variations discussed.Proof for the account and the model is drawn from tests such as pronoun substitution,word order change and passivization,as well as the seeming ambiguity of the construction.