风险社会的灾难式景观:一种针对灾难电影的社会学考察

The Disaster Spectacles of Risk Society:A Sociological Study about Disaster Films

风险社会是灾难电影的社会学语境,灾难电影中的灾难场景表达了社会结构中的不确定性——风险,并且承载了人们对风险的伦理思考——如何面对并处理超出社会结构的不确定力量。基于“确认风险”与“感知风险”两个风险认识维度,灾难电影以“感知风险”的认知形态参与建构了风险社会的事实;灾难电影的个体命运叙事以“灾难终将过去”的结局寄托了人们意图掌握自己命运的伦理诉求。当维系社会结构的理由日益形式化,灾难电影传达了反思现代性的伦理主题:现代人需要从个体中汲取支撑社会合作的自然人性力量,实现个体价值与社会价值的统一。

The risk society is the sociological context of disaster films.The disaster spectacles in disaster films express the uncertainty,namely risk,in the social structure,and reveal our ethical thinking about risk,namely how to face and deal with the uncertain forces beyond the social structure.Based on the two dimensions of risk understanding,“identifying risks”and“perceiving risks”,disaster films takes the cognitive form of the“perceiving risk”to participate in the construction of the fact of risk society.The narrative of the individual fate in disaster films ending with“disaster will eventually disappear”reflects people’s ethical demands to control their own destiny.Faced with the increasing formalization of the reasons for maintaining social structure,the disaster film presents a“reflection”on modernity:modern people need to draw natural forces from the individual to maintain the social cooperation and unite the individual value with the social value.