2016—2019年西宁市碘缺乏病监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders in Xining from 2016 to 2019

目的观察重点人群尿碘、盐碘水平以及甲状腺肿大率等情况,及时掌握西宁市重点人群碘营养状况。方法按照《全国碘缺乏病监测方案》要求,2016—2019年西宁市对8~10岁学生和孕妇尿碘及家中食用盐碘含量进行监测,同时对8~10岁学生甲状腺肿大率进行监测。结果 2016—2019年西宁市8~10岁学生尿碘中位数为193.43μg/L,各年差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.51,P>0.05),合格碘盐食用率为82.25%。孕妇尿碘中位数2016年、2018年分别为150.40μg/L、161.93μg/L,碘摄入处于适宜水平;2017年和2019年分别为142.56μg/L、144.82μg/L,碘摄入处于不足状态,各年孕妇尿碘中位数比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.94,P<0.05)。孕妇合格碘盐食用率为83.78%,低于国家规定标准(>90%)。8~10岁学生甲状腺肿大率为0.52%。结论 2016—2019年西宁市8~10岁学生碘营养水平总体处于适宜状态,孕妇碘营养水平不稳定,总体处于碘摄入不足状态。要加大对特殊人群碘元素对人体健康主要性的教育工作力度,特别是孕妇缺碘对胎儿智力发育造成不可逆损伤的教育宣传,持续加强对重点人群健康教育和碘营养水平的监测。

Objective To observe the levels of urine iodine and salt iodine and the rate of goiter in key population, and to timely grasp the iodine nutrition status of the key population in Xining.Methods According to the requirements of the National Iodine Deficiency Disease Monitoring Program, the urine iodine and salt iodine contents of 8-10 years old students and pregnant women and the goiter rate of 8-10 years old students were monitored in Xining from 2016 to 2019.Results The median urine iodine value was 193.43 g/L and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 82.25% in Xining students aged 8-10 years from 2016 to 2019,there was no significant difference between years(χ^(2)=0.51,P>0.05).The median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 150.40 g/L in 2016 and 161.93 g/L in 2018,respectively, with the iodine intake at the appropriate level.In 2017 and 2019,it was 142.56 g/L and 144.82 g/L,respectively, indicating insufficient iodine intake.There was a statistically significant difference in the median urine iodine of pregnant women among different years(χ^(2)=3.94,P<0.05).The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in pregnant women was 83.78%,which was lower than the national standard(>90%).The goiter rate of students aged 8-10 years was 0.52%.Conclusion The iodine nutrition level of students aged 8-10 years in Xining is generally in an appropriate state, pregnant women iodine nutrition level is not stable, generally in a state of inadequate iodine intake.Educational efforts should be stepped up to educate special populations on the main importance of iodine to human health, especially on the irreversible damage caused by iodine deficiency in pregnant women to the mental development of the fetus, and to continuously strengthen the key crowd health education and iodine nutrition level monitoring work.