环境管制对雾霾污染的作用机制与治理效果——基于技能溢价的视角

Mechanism and Effect of Environmental Regulation on Smog Pollution--Based on the Perspective of Skill Premium

在保护生态和促进就业的背景下,环境管制能否实现雾霾治理与劳动就业的双重红利,引发广泛关注。在Copeland-Taylor模型的基础上,将雾霾污染的动因分解为规模效应、结构效应、技术效应及管制效应,以劳动力市场普遍出现的技能溢价为切入点,构建“环境管制—技能溢价—雾霾污染”的逻辑框架,并运用我国省际面板数据对提出的假说进行验证,进而探究在技能溢价调节下环境管制政策效应的非线性特征。研究发现:环境管制不仅能通过经济规模效应和产业结构效应缓解雾霾污染,还会通过与技能溢价的契合与动态匹配对雾霾污染产生多维影响;尽管在样本期间环境管制对雾霾污染的总效应不显著,但随着《大气污染防治行动计划》的发布与实施,环境管制的治霾成效逐渐显现,此外,随着技能溢价的扩大,环境管制对雾霾产生了先加剧、后抑制的影响,意味着发挥环境管制与劳动力市场机制的协同效应能助力绿色就业与环境保护的双赢;为实现局部与短期利益,地方政府在治霾上不仅缺乏协同规制,还存在“搭便车”行为,全局雾霾治理效率有较大提升空间。本文从技能溢价这一新视角揭示环境管制对雾霾的作用机理,对改善环境管制的污染治理效果、落实新发展理念具有启示意义。

In the context of protecting ecology and promoting employment,whether environmental control can achieve the dual dividend of smog governance and labor employment has aroused widespread concern.Based on the Copeland-Taylor model,the driving factors of smog pollution are decomposed into scale effect,structural effect,technical effect and regulatory effect.Taking the skill premium that was common in the labor market as an entry point,it constructed theoretical framework related to environmental regulation-skill premium-smog pollution,used China’s provincial panel data to verify theoretical hypothesis,and explored the nonlinear characteristics of environmental policy’s effects under the skill premium adjustment.The results show that:environmental regulation can not only mitigate smog pollution through economic scale effect and industrial structure effect,but also has a multi-dimensional effect on smog pollution through the combination and dynamic matching between environmental regulation and skill premium;despite the total effect of environmental regulation on smog pollution is not significant,with the releasing and implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan,the effectiveness of environmental regulation has gradually emerged.In addition,with the expansion of the skill premium,environmental regulation firstly intensifies smog pollution and then reduces smog pollution,which means that the synergy effect of environmental regulation and labor market can achieve a win-win situation in green employment and smog management.To achieve local and short-term benefits,local governments not only lack co-regulation on smog management,but also have“free-riding”behavior,which means that there is a big room for improvement in the efficiency of smog control at the global level.It reveals the mechanism of environmental regulation on smog pollution from a new perspective of skill premium,and has important implications for improving the pollution control effect of environmental regulation and implementing new development concepts.