马克思劳动价值论的政治哲学意蕴

The Political Philosophy Implication of Marx’s Labor Value Theory

劳动价值论是马克思政治经济学的基石。在《资本论》中,马克思为我们呈现了二重性劳动的社会效应,具体劳动造就了丰富有用的实体并呈现了可见的"物的关系",抽象劳动使交换成为可能并彰显了隐蔽的"人的关系"。在此基础上,马克思科学地揭示了资本主义生产方式中劳动对资本的"形式从属"和"实质从属"关系,继而深刻地展示了劳资关系的"对抗性质"。就此看来,劳动价值论不仅是马克思借以深刻把握资本主义"时代症候"的"批判的武器",还是他科学揭示无产阶级的历史使命及其斗争策略的"武器的批判"。马克思的劳动价值论用经济学话语道说了"改变世界"的政治哲学目的。

The labor theory of value is the cornerstone of Marx’s political economy. In "Das Kapital", Marx shows us the social effects of dual labor. Concrete labor creates rich and useful entities and presents the visible "relationships of objects". Abstract labor makes exchange possible and then reveals the hidden "relationship of people". On this basis, Marx scientifically revealed the "formal subordination" and "substantial subordination" of labor to capital in the capitalist mode of production, and then profoundly demonstrated the "antagonistic nature" of the labor-management relationship. From this point of view, the labor theory of value is not only a "critical weapon" by which Marx can deeply grasp the "epochal symptoms" of capitalism, but also a "weapon criticism" of his scientifically revealing the historical mission of the proletariat and its struggle strategies. Marx’s labor theory of value presents the political and philosophical purpose of "changing the world" with economic discourse.